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Update libcurl

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Glenn Smith 2022-09-03 01:31:41 -04:00
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35
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#***************************************************************************
# _ _ ____ _
# Project ___| | | | _ \| |
# / __| | | | |_) | |
# | (__| |_| | _ <| |___
# \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
#
# Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
#
# This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
# you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
# are also available at https://curl.se/docs/copyright.html.
#
# You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
#
# This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied.
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
#
###########################################################################
set(MANPAGE "${CURL_BINARY_DIR}/docs/curl.1")
# Load DPAGES and OTHERPAGES from shared file
transform_makefile_inc("Makefile.inc" "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/Makefile.inc.cmake")
include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/Makefile.inc.cmake")
add_custom_command(OUTPUT "${MANPAGE}"
COMMAND "${PERL_EXECUTABLE}" "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/gen.pl" mainpage "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}" > "${MANPAGE}"
DEPENDS ${DPAGES} ${OTHERPAGES}
VERBATIM
)
add_custom_target(generate-curl.1 DEPENDS "${MANPAGE}")

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<!--
Copyright (C) 2000 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
-->
# curl man page generator
This is the curl man page generator. It generates a single nroff man page
output from the set of sources files in this directory.
There is one source file for each supported command line option. The output
gets `page-header` prepended and `page-footer` appended. The format is
described below.
## Option files
Each command line option is described in a file named `<long name>.d`, where
option name is written without any prefixing dashes. Like the file name for
the -v, --verbose option is named `verbose.d`.
Each file has a set of meta-data and a body of text.
### Meta-data
Short: (single letter, without dash)
Long: (long form name, without dashes)
Arg: (the argument the option takes)
Magic: (description of "magic" options)
Tags: (space separated list)
Protocols: (space separated list for which protocols this option works)
Added: (version number in which this was added)
Mutexed: (space separated list of options this overrides, no dashes)
Requires: (space separated list of features this requires, no dashes)
See-also: (space separated list of related options, no dashes)
Help: (short text for the --help output for this option)
Example: (example command line, without "curl" and can use `$URL`)
c: (copyright line)
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
--- (end of meta-data)
### Body
The body of the description. Only refer to options with their long form option
version, like `--verbose`. The output generator will replace such with the
correct markup that shows both short and long version.
Text written within `*asterisks*` will get shown using italics. Text within
two `**asterisks**` will get shown using bold.
Text that is prefixed with a space will be treated like an "example" and will
be output in monospace.
## Header and footer
`page-header` is the file that will be output before the generated options
output for the master man page.
`page-footer` is appended after all the individual options.
## Generate
`./gen.pl mainpage`
This command outputs a single huge nroff file, meant to become `curl.1`. The
full curl man page.
`./gen.pl listhelp`
Generates a full `curl --help` output for all known command line options.

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#***************************************************************************
# _ _ ____ _
# Project ___| | | | _ \| |
# / __| | | | |_) | |
# | (__| |_| | _ <| |___
# \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
#
# Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
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#
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@echo "generate $(MANPAGE)"
@(cd $(srcdir) && @PERL@ ./gen.pl mainpage $(DPAGES)) > $(MANPAGE)

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# Project ___| | | | _ \| |
# / __| | | | |_) | |
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# Project ___| | | | _ \| |
# / __| | | | |_) | |
# | (__| |_| | _ <| |___
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# Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
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# copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
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#
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#
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#***************************************************************************
# _ _ ____ _
# Project ___| | | | _ \| |
# / __| | | | |_) | |
# | (__| |_| | _ <| |___
# \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
#
# Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
#
# This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
# you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
# are also available at https://curl.se/docs/copyright.html.
#
# You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
#
# This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied.
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
#
###########################################################################
# Shared between Makefile.am and CMakeLists.txt
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OTHERPAGES = page-footer page-header

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: abstract-unix-socket
Arg: <path>
Help: Connect via abstract Unix domain socket
Added: 7.53.0
Protocols: HTTP
Category: connection
See-also: unix-socket
Example: --abstract-unix-socket socketpath $URL
---
Connect through an abstract Unix domain socket, instead of using the network.
Note: netstat shows the path of an abstract socket prefixed with '@', however
the <path> argument should not have this leading character.

20
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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: alt-svc
Arg: <file name>
Protocols: HTTPS
Help: Enable alt-svc with this cache file
Added: 7.64.1
Category: http
See-also: resolve connect-to
Example: --alt-svc svc.txt $URL
---
This option enables the alt-svc parser in curl. If the file name points to an
existing alt-svc cache file, that will be used. After a completed transfer,
the cache will be saved to the file name again if it has been modified.
Specify a "" file name (zero length) to avoid loading/saving and make curl
just handle the cache in memory.
If this option is used several times, curl will load contents from all the
files but the last one will be used for saving.

22
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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: anyauth
Help: Pick any authentication method
Protocols: HTTP
See-also: proxy-anyauth basic digest
Category: http proxy auth
Example: --anyauth --user me:pwd $URL
Added: 7.10.6
---
Tells curl to figure out authentication method by itself, and use the most
secure one the remote site claims to support. This is done by first doing a
request and checking the response-headers, thus possibly inducing an extra
network round-trip. This is used instead of setting a specific authentication
method, which you can do with --basic, --digest, --ntlm, and --negotiate.
Using --anyauth is not recommended if you do uploads from stdin, since it may
require data to be sent twice and then the client must be able to rewind. If
the need should arise when uploading from stdin, the upload operation will
fail.
Used together with --user.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Short: a
Long: append
Help: Append to target file when uploading
Protocols: FTP SFTP
Category: ftp sftp
See-also: range continue-at
Example: --upload-file local --append ftp://example.com/
Added: 4.8
---
When used in an upload, this makes curl append to the target file instead of
overwriting it. If the remote file does not exist, it will be created. Note
that this flag is ignored by some SFTP servers (including OpenSSH).

21
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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: aws-sigv4
Arg: <provider1[:provider2[:region[:service]]]>
Help: Use AWS V4 signature authentication
Category: auth http
Added: 7.75.0
See-also: basic user
Example: --aws-sigv4 "aws:amz:east-2:es" --user "key:secret" $URL
---
Use AWS V4 signature authentication in the transfer.
The provider argument is a string that is used by the algorithm when creating
outgoing authentication headers.
The region argument is a string that points to a geographic area of
a resources collection (region-code) when the region name is omitted from
the endpoint.
The service argument is a string that points to a function provided by a cloud
(service-code) when the service name is omitted from the endpoint.

16
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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: basic
Help: Use HTTP Basic Authentication
See-also: proxy-basic
Protocols: HTTP
Category: auth
Example: -u name:password --basic $URL
Added: 7.10.6
---
Tells curl to use HTTP Basic authentication with the remote host. This is the
default and this option is usually pointless, unless you use it to override a
previously set option that sets a different authentication method (such as
--ntlm, --digest, or --negotiate).
Used together with --user.

39
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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: cacert
Arg: <file>
Help: CA certificate to verify peer against
Protocols: TLS
Category: tls
See-also: capath insecure
Example: --cacert CA-file.txt $URL
Added: 7.5
---
Tells curl to use the specified certificate file to verify the peer. The file
may contain multiple CA certificates. The certificate(s) must be in PEM
format. Normally curl is built to use a default file for this, so this option
is typically used to alter that default file.
curl recognizes the environment variable named 'CURL_CA_BUNDLE' if it is
set, and uses the given path as a path to a CA cert bundle. This option
overrides that variable.
The windows version of curl will automatically look for a CA certs file named
'curl-ca-bundle.crt', either in the same directory as curl.exe, or in the
Current Working Directory, or in any folder along your PATH.
If curl is built against the NSS SSL library, the NSS PEM PKCS#11 module
(libnsspem.so) needs to be available for this option to work properly.
(iOS and macOS only) If curl is built against Secure Transport, then this
option is supported for backward compatibility with other SSL engines, but it
should not be set. If the option is not set, then curl will use the
certificates in the system and user Keychain to verify the peer, which is the
preferred method of verifying the peer's certificate chain.
(Schannel only) This option is supported for Schannel in Windows 7 or later
with libcurl 7.60 or later. This option is supported for backward
compatibility with other SSL engines; instead it is recommended to use
Windows' store of root certificates (the default for Schannel).
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: capath
Arg: <dir>
Help: CA directory to verify peer against
Protocols: TLS
Category: tls
See-also: cacert insecure
Example: --capath /local/directory $URL
Added: 7.9.8
---
Tells curl to use the specified certificate directory to verify the
peer. Multiple paths can be provided by separating them with ":" (e.g.
"path1:path2:path3"). The certificates must be in PEM format, and if curl is
built against OpenSSL, the directory must have been processed using the
c_rehash utility supplied with OpenSSL. Using --capath can allow
OpenSSL-powered curl to make SSL-connections much more efficiently than using
--cacert if the --cacert file contains many CA certificates.
If this option is set, the default capath value will be ignored, and if it is
used several times, the last one will be used.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: cert-status
Protocols: TLS
Added: 7.41.0
Help: Verify the status of the server cert via OCSP-staple
Category: tls
See-also: pinnedpubkey
Example: --cert-status $URL
---
Tells curl to verify the status of the server certificate by using the
Certificate Status Request (aka. OCSP stapling) TLS extension.
If this option is enabled and the server sends an invalid (e.g. expired)
response, if the response suggests that the server certificate has been revoked,
or no response at all is received, the verification fails.
This is currently only implemented in the OpenSSL, GnuTLS and NSS backends.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: cert-type
Protocols: TLS
Arg: <type>
Help: Certificate type (DER/PEM/ENG/P12)
See-also: cert key key-type
Category: tls
Example: --cert-type PEM --cert file $URL
Added: 7.9.3
---
Tells curl what type the provided client certificate is using. PEM, DER, ENG
and P12 are recognized types.
The default type depends on the TLS backend and is usually PEM, however for
Secure Transport and Schannel it is P12. If --cert is a pkcs11: URI then ENG is
the default type.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Short: E
Long: cert
Arg: <certificate[:password]>
Help: Client certificate file and password
Protocols: TLS
See-also: cert-type key key-type
Category: tls
Example: --cert certfile --key keyfile $URL
Added: 5.0
---
Tells curl to use the specified client certificate file when getting a file
with HTTPS, FTPS or another SSL-based protocol. The certificate must be in
PKCS#12 format if using Secure Transport, or PEM format if using any other
engine. If the optional password is not specified, it will be queried for on
the terminal. Note that this option assumes a certificate file that is the
private key and the client certificate concatenated. See --cert and --key to
specify them independently.
In the <certificate> portion of the argument, you must escape the character ":"
as "\\:" so that it is not recognized as the password delimiter. Similarly, you
must escape the character "\\" as "\\\\" so that it is not recognized as an
escape character.
If curl is built against the NSS SSL library then this option can tell
curl the nickname of the certificate to use within the NSS database defined
by the environment variable SSL_DIR (or by default /etc/pki/nssdb). If the
NSS PEM PKCS#11 module (libnsspem.so) is available then PEM files may be
loaded.
If you provide a path relative to the current directory, you must prefix the
path with "./" in order to avoid confusion with an NSS database nickname.
If curl is built against OpenSSL library, and the engine pkcs11 is available,
then a PKCS#11 URI (RFC 7512) can be used to specify a certificate located in
a PKCS#11 device. A string beginning with "pkcs11:" will be interpreted as a
PKCS#11 URI. If a PKCS#11 URI is provided, then the --engine option will be set
as "pkcs11" if none was provided and the --cert-type option will be set as
"ENG" if none was provided.
(iOS and macOS only) If curl is built against Secure Transport, then the
certificate string can either be the name of a certificate/private key in the
system or user keychain, or the path to a PKCS#12-encoded certificate and
private key. If you want to use a file from the current directory, please
precede it with "./" prefix, in order to avoid confusion with a nickname.
(Schannel only) Client certificates must be specified by a path
expression to a certificate store. (Loading PFX is not supported; you can
import it to a store first). You can use
"<store location>\\<store name>\\<thumbprint>" to refer to a certificate
in the system certificates store, for example,
"CurrentUser\\MY\\934a7ac6f8a5d579285a74fa61e19f23ddfe8d7a". Thumbprint is
usually a SHA-1 hex string which you can see in certificate details. Following
store locations are supported: CurrentUser, LocalMachine, CurrentService,
Services, CurrentUserGroupPolicy, LocalMachineGroupPolicy,
LocalMachineEnterprise.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: ciphers
Arg: <list of ciphers>
Help: SSL ciphers to use
Protocols: TLS
Category: tls
See-also: tlsv1.3
Example: --ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-CCM8 $URL
Added: 7.9
---
Specifies which ciphers to use in the connection. The list of ciphers must
specify valid ciphers. Read up on SSL cipher list details on this URL:
https://curl.se/docs/ssl-ciphers.html
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: compressed-ssh
Help: Enable SSH compression
Protocols: SCP SFTP
Added: 7.56.0
Category: scp ssh
See-also: compressed
Example: --compressed-ssh sftp://example.com/
---
Enables built-in SSH compression.
This is a request, not an order; the server may or may not do it.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: compressed
Help: Request compressed response
Protocols: HTTP
Category: http
Example: --compressed $URL
See-also: compressed-ssh
Added: 7.10
---
Request a compressed response using one of the algorithms curl supports, and
automatically decompress the content. Headers are not modified.
If this option is used and the server sends an unsupported encoding, curl will
report an error. This is a request, not an order; the server may or may not
deliver data compressed.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: config
Arg: <file>
Help: Read config from a file
Short: K
Category: curl
Example: --config file.txt $URL
Added: 4.10
See-also: disable
---
Specify a text file to read curl arguments from. The command line arguments
found in the text file will be used as if they were provided on the command
line.
Options and their parameters must be specified on the same line in the file,
separated by whitespace, colon, or the equals sign. Long option names can
optionally be given in the config file without the initial double dashes and
if so, the colon or equals characters can be used as separators. If the option
is specified with one or two dashes, there can be no colon or equals character
between the option and its parameter.
If the parameter contains whitespace (or starts with : or =), the parameter
must be enclosed within quotes. Within double quotes, the following escape
sequences are available: \\\\, \\", \\t, \\n, \\r and \\v. A backslash
preceding any other letter is ignored.
If the first column of a config line is a '#' character, the rest of the line
will be treated as a comment.
Only write one option per physical line in the config file.
Specify the filename to --config as '-' to make curl read the file from stdin.
Note that to be able to specify a URL in the config file, you need to specify
it using the --url option, and not by simply writing the URL on its own
line. So, it could look similar to this:
url = "https://curl.se/docs/"
# --- Example file ---
# this is a comment
url = "example.com"
output = "curlhere.html"
user-agent = "superagent/1.0"
# and fetch another URL too
url = "example.com/docs/manpage.html"
-O
referer = "http://nowhereatall.example.com/"
# --- End of example file ---
When curl is invoked, it (unless --disable is used) checks for a default
config file and uses it if found, even when --config is used. The default
config file is checked for in the following places in this order:
1) "$CURL_HOME/.curlrc"
2) "$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/.curlrc" (Added in 7.73.0)
3) "$HOME/.curlrc"
4) Windows: "%USERPROFILE%\\.curlrc"
5) Windows: "%APPDATA%\\.curlrc"
6) Windows: "%USERPROFILE%\\Application Data\\.curlrc"
7) Non-Windows: use getpwuid to find the home directory
8) On Windows, if it finds no .curlrc file in the sequence described above, it
checks for one in the same dir the curl executable is placed.
On Windows two filenames are checked per location: .curlrc and _curlrc,
preferring the former. Older versions on Windows checked for _curlrc only.
This option can be used multiple times to load multiple config files.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: connect-timeout
Arg: <fractional seconds>
Help: Maximum time allowed for connection
See-also: max-time
Category: connection
Example: --connect-timeout 20 $URL
Example: --connect-timeout 3.14 $URL
Added: 7.7
---
Maximum time in seconds that you allow curl's connection to take. This only
limits the connection phase, so if curl connects within the given period it
will continue - if not it will exit. Since version 7.32.0, this option
accepts decimal values.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: connect-to
Arg: <HOST1:PORT1:HOST2:PORT2>
Help: Connect to host
Added: 7.49.0
See-also: resolve header
Category: connection
Example: --connect-to example.com:443:example.net:8443 $URL
---
For a request to the given HOST1:PORT1 pair, connect to HOST2:PORT2 instead.
This option is suitable to direct requests at a specific server, e.g. at a
specific cluster node in a cluster of servers. This option is only used to
establish the network connection. It does NOT affect the hostname/port that is
used for TLS/SSL (e.g. SNI, certificate verification) or for the application
protocols. "HOST1" and "PORT1" may be the empty string, meaning "any
host/port". "HOST2" and "PORT2" may also be the empty string, meaning "use the
request's original host/port".
A "host" specified to this option is compared as a string, so it needs to
match the name used in request URL. It can be either numerical such as
"127.0.0.1" or the full host name such as "example.org".
This option can be used many times to add many connect rules.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Short: C
Long: continue-at
Arg: <offset>
Help: Resumed transfer offset
See-also: range
Category: connection
Example: -C - $URL
Example: -C 400 $URL
Added: 4.8
---
Continue/Resume a previous file transfer at the given offset. The given offset
is the exact number of bytes that will be skipped, counting from the beginning
of the source file before it is transferred to the destination. If used with
uploads, the FTP server command SIZE will not be used by curl.
Use "-C -" to tell curl to automatically find out where/how to resume the
transfer. It then uses the given output/input files to figure that out.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Short: c
Long: cookie-jar
Arg: <filename>
Protocols: HTTP
Help: Write cookies to <filename> after operation
Category: http
Example: -c store-here.txt $URL
Example: -c store-here.txt -b read-these $URL
Added: 7.9
See-also: cookie
---
Specify to which file you want curl to write all cookies after a completed
operation. Curl writes all cookies from its in-memory cookie storage to the
given file at the end of operations. If no cookies are known, no data will be
written. The file will be written using the Netscape cookie file format. If
you set the file name to a single dash, "-", the cookies will be written to
stdout.
This command line option will activate the cookie engine that makes curl
record and use cookies. Another way to activate it is to use the --cookie
option.
If the cookie jar cannot be created or written to, the whole curl operation
will not fail or even report an error clearly. Using --verbose will get a
warning displayed, but that is the only visible feedback you get about this
possibly lethal situation.
If this option is used several times, the last specified file name will be
used.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Short: b
Long: cookie
Arg: <data|filename>
Protocols: HTTP
Help: Send cookies from string/file
Category: http
Example: -b cookiefile $URL
Example: -b cookiefile -c cookiefile $URL
See-also: cookie-jar junk-session-cookies
Added: 4.9
---
Pass the data to the HTTP server in the Cookie header. It is supposedly the
data previously received from the server in a "Set-Cookie:" line. The data
should be in the format "NAME1=VALUE1; NAME2=VALUE2". This makes curl use the
cookie header with this content explicitly in all outgoing request(s). If
multiple requests are done due to authentication, followed redirects or
similar, they will all get this cookie passed on.
If no '=' symbol is used in the argument, it is instead treated as a filename
to read previously stored cookie from. This option also activates the cookie
engine which will make curl record incoming cookies, which may be handy if
you are using this in combination with the --location option or do multiple URL
transfers on the same invoke. If the file name is exactly a minus ("-"), curl
will instead read the contents from stdin.
The file format of the file to read cookies from should be plain HTTP headers
(Set-Cookie style) or the Netscape/Mozilla cookie file format.
The file specified with --cookie is only used as input. No cookies will be
written to the file. To store cookies, use the --cookie-jar option.
If you use the Set-Cookie file format and do not specify a domain then the
cookie is not sent since the domain will never match. To address this, set a
domain in Set-Cookie line (doing that will include sub-domains) or preferably:
use the Netscape format.
This option can be used multiple times.
Users often want to both read cookies from a file and write updated cookies
back to a file, so using both --cookie and --cookie-jar in the same command
line is common.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: create-dirs
Help: Create necessary local directory hierarchy
Category: curl
Example: --create-dirs --output local/dir/file $URL
Added: 7.10.3
See-also: ftp-create-dirs output-dir
---
When used in conjunction with the --output option, curl will create the
necessary local directory hierarchy as needed. This option creates the
directories mentioned with the --output option, nothing else. If the --output
file name uses no directory, or if the directories it mentions already exist,
no directories will be created.
Created dirs are made with mode 0750 on unix style file systems.
To create remote directories when using FTP or SFTP, try --ftp-create-dirs.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: create-file-mode
Arg: <mode>
Help: File mode for created files
Protocols: SFTP SCP FILE
Category: sftp scp file upload
See-also: ftp-create-dirs
Added: 7.75.0
Example: --create-file-mode 0777 -T localfile sftp://example.com/new
---
When curl is used to create files remotely using one of the supported
protocols, this option allows the user to set which 'mode' to set on the file
at creation time, instead of the default 0644.
This option takes an octal number as argument.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: crlf
Help: Convert LF to CRLF in upload
Protocols: FTP SMTP
Category: ftp smtp
Example: --crlf -T file ftp://example.com/
Added: 5.7
See-also: use-ascii
---
Convert LF to CRLF in upload. Useful for MVS (OS/390).
(SMTP added in 7.40.0)

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: crlfile
Arg: <file>
Protocols: TLS
Help: Use this CRL list
Added: 7.19.7
Category: tls
Example: --crlfile rejects.txt $URL
See-also: cacert capath
---
Provide a file using PEM format with a Certificate Revocation List that may
specify peer certificates that are to be considered revoked.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: curves
Arg: <algorithm list>
Help: (EC) TLS key exchange algorithm(s) to request
Protocols: TLS
Added: 7.73.0
Category: tls
Example: --curves X25519 $URL
See-also: ciphers
---
Tells curl to request specific curves to use during SSL session establishment
according to RFC 8422, 5.1. Multiple algorithms can be provided by separating
them with ":" (e.g. "X25519:P-521"). The parameter is available identically
in the "openssl s_client/s_server" utilities.
--curves allows a OpenSSL powered curl to make SSL-connections with exactly
the (EC) curve requested by the client, avoiding nontransparent client/server
negotiations.
If this option is set, the default curves list built into openssl will be
ignored.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: data-ascii
Arg: <data>
Help: HTTP POST ASCII data
Protocols: HTTP
Category: http post upload
Example: --data-ascii @file $URL
Added: 7.2
See-also: data-binary data-raw data-urlencode
---
This is just an alias for --data.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: data-binary
Arg: <data>
Help: HTTP POST binary data
Protocols: HTTP
Category: http post upload
Example: --data-binary @filename $URL
Added: 7.2
See-also: data-ascii
---
This posts data exactly as specified with no extra processing whatsoever.
If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a filename. Data
is posted in a similar manner as --data does, except that newlines and
carriage returns are preserved and conversions are never done.
Like --data the default content-type sent to the server is
application/x-www-form-urlencoded. If you want the data to be treated as
arbitrary binary data by the server then set the content-type to octet-stream:
-H "Content-Type: application/octet-stream".
If this option is used several times, the ones following the first will append
data as described in --data.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: data-raw
Arg: <data>
Protocols: HTTP
Help: HTTP POST data, '@' allowed
Added: 7.43.0
See-also: data
Category: http post upload
Example: --data-raw "hello" $URL
Example: --data-raw "@at@at@" $URL
---
This posts data similarly to --data but without the special
interpretation of the @ character.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: data-urlencode
Arg: <data>
Help: HTTP POST data URL encoded
Protocols: HTTP
See-also: data data-raw
Added: 7.18.0
Category: http post upload
Example: --data-urlencode name=val $URL
Example: --data-urlencode =encodethis $URL
Example: --data-urlencode name@file $URL
Example: --data-urlencode @fileonly $URL
---
This posts data, similar to the other --data options with the exception
that this performs URL-encoding.
To be CGI-compliant, the <data> part should begin with a *name* followed
by a separator and a content specification. The <data> part can be passed to
curl using one of the following syntaxes:
.RS
.IP "content"
This will make curl URL-encode the content and pass that on. Just be careful
so that the content does not contain any = or @ symbols, as that will then make
the syntax match one of the other cases below!
.IP "=content"
This will make curl URL-encode the content and pass that on. The preceding =
symbol is not included in the data.
.IP "name=content"
This will make curl URL-encode the content part and pass that on. Note that
the name part is expected to be URL-encoded already.
.IP "@filename"
This will make curl load data from the given file (including any newlines),
URL-encode that data and pass it on in the POST.
.IP "name@filename"
This will make curl load data from the given file (including any newlines),
URL-encode that data and pass it on in the POST. The name part gets an equal
sign appended, resulting in *name=urlencoded-file-content*. Note that the
name is expected to be URL-encoded already.
.RE

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: data
Short: d
Arg: <data>
Help: HTTP POST data
Protocols: HTTP MQTT
See-also: data-binary data-urlencode data-raw
Mutexed: form head upload-file
Category: important http post upload
Example: -d "name=curl" $URL
Example: -d "name=curl" -d "tool=cmdline" $URL
Example: -d @filename $URL
Added: 4.0
---
Sends the specified data in a POST request to the HTTP server, in the same way
that a browser does when a user has filled in an HTML form and presses the
submit button. This will cause curl to pass the data to the server using the
content-type application/x-www-form-urlencoded. Compare to --form.
--data-raw is almost the same but does not have a special interpretation of
the @ character. To post data purely binary, you should instead use the
--data-binary option. To URL-encode the value of a form field you may use
--data-urlencode.
If any of these options is used more than once on the same command line, the
data pieces specified will be merged with a separating &-symbol. Thus, using
'-d name=daniel -d skill=lousy' would generate a post chunk that looks like
'name=daniel&skill=lousy'.
If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a file name to
read the data from, or - if you want curl to read the data from stdin. Posting
data from a file named 'foobar' would thus be done with --data @foobar. When
--data is told to read from a file like that, carriage returns and newlines
will be stripped out. If you do not want the @ character to have a special
interpretation use --data-raw instead.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: delegation
Arg: <LEVEL>
Help: GSS-API delegation permission
Protocols: GSS/kerberos
Category: auth
Example: --delegation "none" $URL
Added: 7.22.0
See-also: insecure ssl
---
Set LEVEL to tell the server what it is allowed to delegate when it
comes to user credentials.
.RS
.IP "none"
Do not allow any delegation.
.IP "policy"
Delegates if and only if the OK-AS-DELEGATE flag is set in the Kerberos
service ticket, which is a matter of realm policy.
.IP "always"
Unconditionally allow the server to delegate.
.RE
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: digest
Help: Use HTTP Digest Authentication
Protocols: HTTP
Mutexed: basic ntlm negotiate
See-also: user proxy-digest anyauth
Category: proxy auth http
Example: -u name:password --digest $URL
Added: 7.10.6
---
Enables HTTP Digest authentication. This is an authentication scheme that
prevents the password from being sent over the wire in clear text. Use this in
combination with the normal --user option to set user name and password.
If this option is used several times, only the first one is used.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: disable-eprt
Help: Inhibit using EPRT or LPRT
Protocols: FTP
Category: ftp
Example: --disable-eprt ftp://example.com/
Added: 7.10.5
See-also: disable-epsv ftp-port
---
Tell curl to disable the use of the EPRT and LPRT commands when doing active
FTP transfers. Curl will normally always first attempt to use EPRT, then LPRT
before using PORT, but with this option, it will use PORT right away. EPRT and
LPRT are extensions to the original FTP protocol, and may not work on all
servers, but they enable more functionality in a better way than the
traditional PORT command.
--eprt can be used to explicitly enable EPRT again and --no-eprt is an alias
for --disable-eprt.
If the server is accessed using IPv6, this option will have no effect as EPRT
is necessary then.
Disabling EPRT only changes the active behavior. If you want to switch to
passive mode you need to not use --ftp-port or force it with --ftp-pasv.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: disable-epsv
Help: Inhibit using EPSV
Protocols: FTP
Category: ftp
Example: --disable-epsv ftp://example.com/
Added: 7.9.2
See-also: disable-eprt ftp-port
---
Tell curl to disable the use of the EPSV command when doing passive FTP
transfers. Curl will normally always first attempt to use EPSV before
PASV, but with this option, it will not try using EPSV.
--epsv can be used to explicitly enable EPSV again and --no-epsv is an alias
for --disable-epsv.
If the server is an IPv6 host, this option will have no effect as EPSV is
necessary then.
Disabling EPSV only changes the passive behavior. If you want to switch to
active mode you need to use --ftp-port.

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@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: disable
Short: q
Help: Disable .curlrc
Category: curl
Example: -q $URL
Added: 5.0
See-also: config
---
If used as the first parameter on the command line, the *curlrc* config
file will not be read and used. See the --config for details on the default
config file search path.

12
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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: disallow-username-in-url
Help: Disallow username in URL
Protocols: HTTP
Added: 7.61.0
See-also: proto
Category: curl http
Example: --disallow-username-in-url $URL
---
This tells curl to exit if passed a URL containing a username. This is probably
most useful when the URL is being provided at runtime or similar.

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@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: dns-interface
Arg: <interface>
Help: Interface to use for DNS requests
Protocols: DNS
See-also: dns-ipv4-addr dns-ipv6-addr
Added: 7.33.0
Requires: c-ares
Category: dns
Example: --dns-interface eth0 $URL
---
Tell curl to send outgoing DNS requests through <interface>. This option is a
counterpart to --interface (which does not affect DNS). The supplied string
must be an interface name (not an address).

17
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@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: dns-ipv4-addr
Arg: <address>
Help: IPv4 address to use for DNS requests
Protocols: DNS
See-also: dns-interface dns-ipv6-addr
Added: 7.33.0
Requires: c-ares
Category: dns
Example: --dns-ipv4-addr 10.1.2.3 $URL
---
Tell curl to bind to <ip-address> when making IPv4 DNS requests, so that
the DNS requests originate from this address. The argument should be a
single IPv4 address.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

17
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@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: dns-ipv6-addr
Arg: <address>
Help: IPv6 address to use for DNS requests
Protocols: DNS
See-also: dns-interface dns-ipv4-addr
Added: 7.33.0
Requires: c-ares
Category: dns
Example: --dns-ipv6-addr 2a04:4e42::561 $URL
---
Tell curl to bind to <ip-address> when making IPv6 DNS requests, so that
the DNS requests originate from this address. The argument should be a
single IPv6 address.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

17
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@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: dns-servers
Arg: <addresses>
Help: DNS server addrs to use
Requires: c-ares
Added: 7.33.0
Category: dns
Example: --dns-servers 192.168.0.1,192.168.0.2 $URL
See-also: dns-interface dns-ipv4-addr
---
Set the list of DNS servers to be used instead of the system default.
The list of IP addresses should be separated with commas. Port numbers
may also optionally be given as *:<port-number>* after each IP
address.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

10
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@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: doh-cert-status
Help: Verify the status of the DoH server cert via OCSP-staple
Added: 7.76.0
Category: dns tls
Example: --doh-cert-status --doh-url https://doh.example $URL
See-also: doh-insecure
---
Same as --cert-status but used for DoH (DNS-over-HTTPS).

10
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@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: doh-insecure
Help: Allow insecure DoH server connections
Added: 7.76.0
Category: dns tls
Example: --doh-insecure --doh-url https://doh.example $URL
See-also: doh-url
---
Same as --insecure but used for DoH (DNS-over-HTTPS).

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@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: doh-url
Arg: <URL>
Help: Resolve host names over DoH
Added: 7.62.0
Category: dns
Example: --doh-url https://doh.example $URL
See-also: doh-insecure
---
Specifies which DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) server to use to resolve hostnames,
instead of using the default name resolver mechanism. The URL must be HTTPS.
Some SSL options that you set for your transfer will apply to DoH since the
name lookups take place over SSL. However, the certificate verification
settings are not inherited and can be controlled separately via
--doh-insecure and --doh-cert-status.
This option is unset if an empty string "" is used as the URL. (Added in
7.85.0)
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: dump-header
Short: D
Arg: <filename>
Help: Write the received headers to <filename>
Protocols: HTTP FTP
See-also: output
Category: http ftp
Example: --dump-header store.txt $URL
Added: 5.7
---
Write the received protocol headers to the specified file. If no headers are
received, the use of this option will create an empty file.
When used in FTP, the FTP server response lines are considered being "headers"
and thus are saved there.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

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@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: egd-file
Arg: <file>
Help: EGD socket path for random data
Protocols: TLS
See-also: random-file
Category: tls
Example: --egd-file /random/here $URL
Added: 7.7
---
Deprecated option. This option is ignored by curl since 7.84.0. Prior to that
it only had an effect on curl if built to use old versions of OpenSSL.
Specify the path name to the Entropy Gathering Daemon socket. The socket is
used to seed the random engine for SSL connections.

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@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: engine
Arg: <name>
Help: Crypto engine to use
Protocols: TLS
Category: tls
Example: --engine flavor $URL
Added: 7.9.3
See-also: ciphers curves
---
Select the OpenSSL crypto engine to use for cipher operations. Use --engine
list to print a list of build-time supported engines. Note that not all (and
possibly none) of the engines may be available at runtime.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: etag-compare
Arg: <file>
Help: Pass an ETag from a file as a custom header
Protocols: HTTP
Added: 7.68.0
Category: http
Example: --etag-compare etag.txt $URL
See-also: etag-save time-cond
---
This option makes a conditional HTTP request for the specific ETag read
from the given file by sending a custom If-None-Match header using the
stored ETag.
For correct results, make sure that the specified file contains only a
single line with the desired ETag. An empty file is parsed as an empty
ETag.
Use the option --etag-save to first save the ETag from a response, and
then use this option to compare against the saved ETag in a subsequent
request.

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@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: etag-save
Arg: <file>
Help: Parse ETag from a request and save it to a file
Protocols: HTTP
Added: 7.68.0
Category: http
Example: --etag-save storetag.txt $URL
See-also: etag-compare
---
This option saves an HTTP ETag to the specified file. An ETag is a
caching related header, usually returned in a response.
If no ETag is sent by the server, an empty file is created.

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@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: expect100-timeout
Arg: <seconds>
Help: How long to wait for 100-continue
Protocols: HTTP
Added: 7.47.0
See-also: connect-timeout
Category: http
Example: --expect100-timeout 2.5 -T file $URL
---
Maximum time in seconds that you allow curl to wait for a 100-continue
response when curl emits an Expects: 100-continue header in its request. By
default curl will wait one second. This option accepts decimal values! When
curl stops waiting, it will continue as if the response has been received.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: fail-early
Help: Fail on first transfer error, do not continue
Added: 7.52.0
Category: curl
Example: --fail-early $URL https://two.example
See-also: fail fail-with-body
---
Fail and exit on the first detected transfer error.
When curl is used to do multiple transfers on the command line, it will
attempt to operate on each given URL, one by one. By default, it will ignore
errors if there are more URLs given and the last URL's success will determine
the error code curl returns. So early failures will be "hidden" by subsequent
successful transfers.
Using this option, curl will instead return an error on the first transfer
that fails, independent of the amount of URLs that are given on the command
line. This way, no transfer failures go undetected by scripts and similar.
This option is global and does not need to be specified for each use of --next.
This option does not imply --fail, which causes transfers to fail due to the
server's HTTP status code. You can combine the two options, however note --fail
is not global and is therefore contained by --next.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: fail-with-body
Protocols: HTTP
Help: Fail on HTTP errors but save the body
Category: http output
Added: 7.76.0
See-also: fail
Mutexed: fail
Example: --fail-with-body $URL
---
Return an error on server errors where the HTTP response code is 400 or
greater). In normal cases when an HTTP server fails to deliver a document, it
returns an HTML document stating so (which often also describes why and
more). This flag will still allow curl to output and save that content but
also to return error 22.
This is an alternative option to --fail which makes curl fail for the same
circumstances but without saving the content.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: fail
Short: f
Protocols: HTTP
Help: Fail fast with no output on HTTP errors
See-also: fail-with-body
Category: important http
Example: --fail $URL
Mutexed: fail-with-body
Added: 4.0
---
Fail fast with no output at all on server errors. This is useful to enable
scripts and users to better deal with failed attempts. In normal cases when an
HTTP server fails to deliver a document, it returns an HTML document stating
so (which often also describes why and more). This flag will prevent curl from
outputting that and return error 22.
This method is not fail-safe and there are occasions where non-successful
response codes will slip through, especially when authentication is involved
(response codes 401 and 407).

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: false-start
Help: Enable TLS False Start
Protocols: TLS
Added: 7.42.0
Category: tls
Example: --false-start $URL
See-also: tcp-fastopen
---
Tells curl to use false start during the TLS handshake. False start is a mode
where a TLS client will start sending application data before verifying the
server's Finished message, thus saving a round trip when performing a full
handshake.
This is currently only implemented in the NSS and Secure Transport (on iOS 7.0
or later, or OS X 10.9 or later) backends.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: form-escape
Help: Escape multipart form field/file names using backslash
Protocols: HTTP
See-also: form
Added: 7.81.0
Category: http upload
Example: --form-escape -F 'field\\name=curl' -F 'file=@load"this' $URL
---
Tells curl to pass on names of multipart form fields and files using
backslash-escaping instead of percent-encoding.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: form-string
Help: Specify multipart MIME data
Protocols: HTTP SMTP IMAP
Arg: <name=string>
See-also: form
Category: http upload
Example: --form-string "data" $URL
Added: 7.13.2
---
Similar to --form except that the value string for the named parameter is used
literally. Leading '@' and '<' characters, and the ';type=' string in
the value have no special meaning. Use this in preference to --form if
there's any possibility that the string value may accidentally trigger the
'@' or '<' features of --form.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: form
Short: F
Arg: <name=content>
Help: Specify multipart MIME data
Protocols: HTTP SMTP IMAP
Mutexed: data head upload-file
Category: http upload
Example: --form "name=curl" --form "file=@loadthis" $URL
Added: 5.0
See-also: data form-string form-escape
---
For HTTP protocol family, this lets curl emulate a filled-in form in which a
user has pressed the submit button. This causes curl to POST data using the
Content-Type multipart/form-data according to RFC 2388.
For SMTP and IMAP protocols, this is the means to compose a multipart mail
message to transmit.
This enables uploading of binary files etc. To force the 'content' part to be
a file, prefix the file name with an @ sign. To just get the content part from
a file, prefix the file name with the symbol <. The difference between @ and <
is then that @ makes a file get attached in the post as a file upload, while
the < makes a text field and just get the contents for that text field from a
file.
Tell curl to read content from stdin instead of a file by using - as
filename. This goes for both @ and < constructs. When stdin is used, the
contents is buffered in memory first by curl to determine its size and allow a
possible resend. Defining a part's data from a named non-regular file (such
as a named pipe or similar) is unfortunately not subject to buffering and will
be effectively read at transmission time; since the full size is unknown
before the transfer starts, such data is sent as chunks by HTTP and rejected
by IMAP.
Example: send an image to an HTTP server, where 'profile' is the name of the
form-field to which the file portrait.jpg will be the input:
curl -F profile=@portrait.jpg https://example.com/upload.cgi
Example: send your name and shoe size in two text fields to the server:
curl -F name=John -F shoesize=11 https://example.com/
Example: send your essay in a text field to the server. Send it as a plain
text field, but get the contents for it from a local file:
curl -F "story=<hugefile.txt" https://example.com/
You can also tell curl what Content-Type to use by using 'type=', in a manner
similar to:
curl -F "web=@index.html;type=text/html" example.com
or
curl -F "name=daniel;type=text/foo" example.com
You can also explicitly change the name field of a file upload part by setting
filename=, like this:
curl -F "file=@localfile;filename=nameinpost" example.com
If filename/path contains ',' or ';', it must be quoted by double-quotes like:
curl -F "file=@\\"local,file\\";filename=\\"name;in;post\\"" example.com
or
curl -F 'file=@"local,file";filename="name;in;post"' example.com
Note that if a filename/path is quoted by double-quotes, any double-quote
or backslash within the filename must be escaped by backslash.
Quoting must also be applied to non-file data if it contains semicolons,
leading/trailing spaces or leading double quotes:
curl -F 'colors="red; green; blue";type=text/x-myapp' example.com
You can add custom headers to the field by setting headers=, like
curl -F "submit=OK;headers=\\"X-submit-type: OK\\"" example.com
or
curl -F "submit=OK;headers=@headerfile" example.com
The headers= keyword may appear more that once and above notes about quoting
apply. When headers are read from a file, Empty lines and lines starting
with '#' are comments and ignored; each header can be folded by splitting
between two words and starting the continuation line with a space; embedded
carriage-returns and trailing spaces are stripped.
Here is an example of a header file contents:
# This file contain two headers.
X-header-1: this is a header
# The following header is folded.
X-header-2: this is
another header
To support sending multipart mail messages, the syntax is extended as follows:
.br
- name can be omitted: the equal sign is the first character of the argument,
.br
- if data starts with '(', this signals to start a new multipart: it can be
followed by a content type specification.
.br
- a multipart can be terminated with a '=)' argument.
Example: the following command sends an SMTP mime email consisting in an
inline part in two alternative formats: plain text and HTML. It attaches a
text file:
curl -F '=(;type=multipart/alternative' \\
-F '=plain text message' \\
-F '= <body>HTML message</body>;type=text/html' \\
-F '=)' -F '=@textfile.txt' ... smtp://example.com
Data can be encoded for transfer using encoder=. Available encodings are
*binary* and *8bit* that do nothing else than adding the corresponding
Content-Transfer-Encoding header, *7bit* that only rejects 8-bit characters
with a transfer error, *quoted-printable* and *base64* that encodes data
according to the corresponding schemes, limiting lines length to 76
characters.
Example: send multipart mail with a quoted-printable text message and a
base64 attached file:
curl -F '=text message;encoder=quoted-printable' \\
-F '=@localfile;encoder=base64' ... smtp://example.com
See further examples and details in the MANUAL.
This option can be used multiple times.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: ftp-account
Arg: <data>
Help: Account data string
Protocols: FTP
Added: 7.13.0
Category: ftp auth
Example: --ftp-account "mr.robot" ftp://example.com/
See-also: user
---
When an FTP server asks for "account data" after user name and password has
been provided, this data is sent off using the ACCT command.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

15
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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: ftp-alternative-to-user
Arg: <command>
Help: String to replace USER [name]
Protocols: FTP
Added: 7.15.5
Category: ftp
Example: --ftp-alternative-to-user "U53r" ftp://example.com
See-also: ftp-account user
---
If authenticating with the USER and PASS commands fails, send this command.
When connecting to Tumbleweed's Secure Transport server over FTPS using a
client certificate, using "SITE AUTH" will tell the server to retrieve the
username from the certificate.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: ftp-create-dirs
Protocols: FTP SFTP
Help: Create the remote dirs if not present
See-also: create-dirs
Category: ftp sftp curl
Example: --ftp-create-dirs -T file ftp://example.com/remote/path/file
Added: 7.10.7
---
When an FTP or SFTP URL/operation uses a path that does not currently exist on
the server, the standard behavior of curl is to fail. Using this option, curl
will instead attempt to create missing directories.

28
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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: ftp-method
Arg: <method>
Help: Control CWD usage
Protocols: FTP
Added: 7.15.1
Category: ftp
Example: --ftp-method multicwd ftp://example.com/dir1/dir2/file
Example: --ftp-method nocwd ftp://example.com/dir1/dir2/file
Example: --ftp-method singlecwd ftp://example.com/dir1/dir2/file
See-also: list-only
---
Control what method curl should use to reach a file on an FTP(S)
server. The method argument should be one of the following alternatives:
.RS
.IP multicwd
curl does a single CWD operation for each path part in the given URL. For deep
hierarchies this means many commands. This is how RFC 1738 says it should
be done. This is the default but the slowest behavior.
.IP nocwd
curl does no CWD at all. curl will do SIZE, RETR, STOR etc and give a full
path to the server for all these commands. This is the fastest behavior.
.IP singlecwd
curl does one CWD with the full target directory and then operates on the file
"normally" (like in the multicwd case). This is somewhat more standards
compliant than 'nocwd' but without the full penalty of 'multicwd'.
.RE

20
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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: ftp-pasv
Help: Use PASV/EPSV instead of PORT
Protocols: FTP
Added: 7.11.0
See-also: disable-epsv
Category: ftp
Example: --ftp-pasv ftp://example.com/
---
Use passive mode for the data connection. Passive is the internal default
behavior, but using this option can be used to override a previous --ftp-port
option.
If this option is used several times, only the first one is used. Undoing an
enforced passive really is not doable but you must then instead enforce the
correct --ftp-port again.
Passive mode means that curl will try the EPSV command first and then PASV,
unless --disable-epsv is used.

40
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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: ftp-port
Arg: <address>
Help: Use PORT instead of PASV
Short: P
Protocols: FTP
See-also: ftp-pasv disable-eprt
Category: ftp
Example: -P - ftp:/example.com
Example: -P eth0 ftp:/example.com
Example: -P 192.168.0.2 ftp:/example.com
Added: 4.0
---
Reverses the default initiator/listener roles when connecting with FTP. This
option makes curl use active mode. curl then tells the server to connect back
to the client's specified address and port, while passive mode asks the server
to setup an IP address and port for it to connect to. <address> should be one
of:
.RS
.IP interface
e.g. "eth0" to specify which interface's IP address you want to use (Unix only)
.IP "IP address"
e.g. "192.168.10.1" to specify the exact IP address
.IP "host name"
e.g. "my.host.domain" to specify the machine
.IP "-"
make curl pick the same IP address that is already used for the control
connection
.RE
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. Disable the
use of PORT with --ftp-pasv. Disable the attempt to use the EPRT command
instead of PORT by using --disable-eprt. EPRT is really PORT++.
You can also append ":[start]-[end]\&" to the right of the address, to tell
curl what TCP port range to use. That means you specify a port range, from a
lower to a higher number. A single number works as well, but do note that it
increases the risk of failure since the port may not be available.
(Added in 7.19.5)

13
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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: ftp-pret
Help: Send PRET before PASV
Protocols: FTP
Added: 7.20.0
Category: ftp
Example: --ftp-pret ftp://example.com/
See-also: ftp-port ftp-pasv
---
Tell curl to send a PRET command before PASV (and EPSV). Certain FTP servers,
mainly drftpd, require this non-standard command for directory listings as
well as up and downloads in PASV mode.

18
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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: ftp-skip-pasv-ip
Help: Skip the IP address for PASV
Protocols: FTP
Added: 7.14.2
See-also: ftp-pasv
Category: ftp
Example: --ftp-skip-pasv-ip ftp://example.com/
---
Tell curl to not use the IP address the server suggests in its response
to curl's PASV command when curl connects the data connection. Instead curl
will re-use the same IP address it already uses for the control
connection.
Since curl 7.74.0 this option is enabled by default.
This option has no effect if PORT, EPRT or EPSV is used instead of PASV.

15
Engine/lib/curl/docs/cmdline-opts/ftp-ssl-ccc-mode.d Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: ftp-ssl-ccc-mode
Arg: <active/passive>
Help: Set CCC mode
Protocols: FTP
Added: 7.16.2
See-also: ftp-ssl-ccc
Category: ftp tls
Example: --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode active --ftp-ssl-ccc ftps://example.com/
---
Sets the CCC mode. The passive mode will not initiate the shutdown, but
instead wait for the server to do it, and will not reply to the shutdown from
the server. The active mode initiates the shutdown and waits for a reply from
the server.

14
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@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: ftp-ssl-ccc
Help: Send CCC after authenticating
Protocols: FTP
See-also: ssl ftp-ssl-ccc-mode
Added: 7.16.1
Category: ftp tls
Example: --ftp-ssl-ccc ftps://example.com/
---
Use CCC (Clear Command Channel) Shuts down the SSL/TLS layer after
authenticating. The rest of the control channel communication will be
unencrypted. This allows NAT routers to follow the FTP transaction. The
default mode is passive.

13
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@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: ftp-ssl-control
Help: Require SSL/TLS for FTP login, clear for transfer
Protocols: FTP
Added: 7.16.0
Category: ftp tls
Example: --ftp-ssl-control ftp://example.com
See-also: ssl
---
Require SSL/TLS for the FTP login, clear for transfer. Allows secure
authentication, but non-encrypted data transfers for efficiency. Fails the
transfer if the server does not support SSL/TLS.

633
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#!/usr/bin/env perl
#***************************************************************************
# _ _ ____ _
# Project ___| | | | _ \| |
# / __| | | | |_) | |
# | (__| |_| | _ <| |___
# \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
#
# Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
#
# This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
# you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
# are also available at https://curl.se/docs/copyright.html.
#
# You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
#
# This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied.
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
#
###########################################################################
=begin comment
This script generates the manpage.
Example: gen.pl <command> [files] > curl.1
Dev notes:
We open *input* files in :crlf translation (a no-op on many platforms) in
case we have CRLF line endings in Windows but a perl that defaults to LF.
Unfortunately it seems some perls like msysgit can't handle a global input-only
:crlf so it has to be specified on each file open for text input.
=end comment
=cut
my %optshort;
my %optlong;
my %helplong;
my %arglong;
my %redirlong;
my %protolong;
my %catlong;
use POSIX qw(strftime);
my $date = strftime "%B %d %Y", localtime;
my $year = strftime "%Y", localtime;
my $version = "unknown";
open(INC, "<../../include/curl/curlver.h");
while(<INC>) {
if($_ =~ /^#define LIBCURL_VERSION \"([0-9.]*)/) {
$version = $1;
last;
}
}
close(INC);
# get the long name version, return the man page string
sub manpageify {
my ($k)=@_;
my $l;
if($optlong{$k} ne "") {
# both short + long
$l = "\\fI-".$optlong{$k}.", --$k\\fP";
}
else {
# only long
$l = "\\fI--$k\\fP";
}
return $l;
}
sub printdesc {
my @desc = @_;
my $exam = 0;
for my $d (@desc) {
if($d =~ /\(Added in ([0-9.]+)\)/i) {
my $ver = $1;
if(too_old($ver)) {
$d =~ s/ *\(Added in $ver\)//gi;
}
}
if($d !~ /^.\\"/) {
# **bold**
$d =~ s/\*\*([^ ]*)\*\*/\\fB$1\\fP/g;
# *italics*
$d =~ s/\*([^ ]*)\*/\\fI$1\\fP/g;
}
if(!$exam && ($d =~ /^ /)) {
# start of example
$exam = 1;
print ".nf\n"; # no-fill
}
elsif($exam && ($d !~ /^ /)) {
# end of example
$exam = 0;
print ".fi\n"; # fill-in
}
# skip lines starting with space (examples)
if($d =~ /^[^ ]/ && $d =~ /--/) {
for my $k (keys %optlong) {
my $l = manpageify($k);
$d =~ s/--\Q$k\E([^a-z0-9_-])([^a-zA-Z0-9_])/$l$1$2/;
}
}
# quote "bare" minuses in the output
$d =~ s/( |\\fI|^)--/$1\\-\\-/g;
$d =~ s/([ -]|\\fI|^)-/$1\\-/g;
# handle single quotes first on the line
$d =~ s/^(\s*)\'/$1\\(aq/;
# handle double quotes first on the line
$d =~ s/^(\s*)\"/$1\\(dq/;
print $d;
}
if($exam) {
print ".fi\n"; # fill-in
}
}
sub seealso {
my($standalone, $data)=@_;
if($standalone) {
return sprintf
".SH \"SEE ALSO\"\n$data\n";
}
else {
return "See also $data. ";
}
}
sub overrides {
my ($standalone, $data)=@_;
if($standalone) {
return ".SH \"OVERRIDES\"\n$data\n";
}
else {
return $data;
}
}
sub protocols {
my ($standalone, $data)=@_;
if($standalone) {
return ".SH \"PROTOCOLS\"\n$data\n";
}
else {
return "($data) ";
}
}
sub too_old {
my ($version)=@_;
my $a = 999999;
if($version =~ /^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)/) {
$a = $1 * 1000 + $2 * 10 + $3;
}
elsif($version =~ /^(\d+)\.(\d+)/) {
$a = $1 * 1000 + $2 * 10;
}
if($a < 7300) {
# we consider everything before 7.30.0 to be too old to mention
# specific changes for
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
sub added {
my ($standalone, $data)=@_;
if(too_old($data)) {
# don't mention ancient additions
return "";
}
if($standalone) {
return ".SH \"ADDED\"\nAdded in curl version $data\n";
}
else {
return "Added in $data. ";
}
}
sub single {
my ($f, $standalone)=@_;
open(F, "<:crlf", "$f") ||
return 1;
my $short;
my $long;
my $tags;
my $added;
my $protocols;
my $arg;
my $mutexed;
my $requires;
my $category;
my $seealso;
my $copyright;
my $spdx;
my @examples; # there can be more than one
my $magic; # cmdline special option
my $line;
while(<F>) {
$line++;
if(/^Short: *(.)/i) {
$short=$1;
}
elsif(/^Long: *(.*)/i) {
$long=$1;
}
elsif(/^Added: *(.*)/i) {
$added=$1;
}
elsif(/^Tags: *(.*)/i) {
$tags=$1;
}
elsif(/^Arg: *(.*)/i) {
$arg=$1;
}
elsif(/^Magic: *(.*)/i) {
$magic=$1;
}
elsif(/^Mutexed: *(.*)/i) {
$mutexed=$1;
}
elsif(/^Protocols: *(.*)/i) {
$protocols=$1;
}
elsif(/^See-also: *(.*)/i) {
$seealso=$1;
}
elsif(/^Requires: *(.*)/i) {
$requires=$1;
}
elsif(/^Category: *(.*)/i) {
$category=$1;
}
elsif(/^Example: *(.*)/i) {
push @examples, $1;
}
elsif(/^C: (.*)/i) {
$copyright=$1;
}
elsif(/^SPDX-License-Identifier: (.*)/i) {
$spdx=$1;
}
elsif(/^Help: *(.*)/i) {
;
}
elsif(/^---/) {
if(!$long) {
print STDERR "ERROR: no 'Long:' in $f\n";
return 1;
}
if(!$category) {
print STDERR "ERROR: no 'Category:' in $f\n";
return 2;
}
if(!$examples[0]) {
print STDERR "$f:$line:1:ERROR: no 'Example:' present\n";
return 2;
}
if(!$added) {
print STDERR "$f:$line:1:ERROR: no 'Added:' version present\n";
return 2;
}
if(!$seealso) {
print STDERR "$f:$line:1:ERROR: no 'See-also:' field present\n";
return 2;
}
if(!$copyright) {
print STDERR "$f:$line:1:ERROR: no 'C:' field present\n";
return 2;
}
if(!$spdx) {
print STDERR "$f:$line:1:ERROR: no 'SPDX-License-Identifier:' field present\n";
return 2;
}
last;
}
else {
chomp;
print STDERR "WARN: unrecognized line in $f, ignoring:\n:'$_';"
}
}
my @desc;
while(<F>) {
push @desc, $_;
}
close(F);
my $opt;
if(defined($short) && $long) {
$opt = "-$short, --$long";
}
elsif($short && !$long) {
$opt = "-$short";
}
elsif($long && !$short) {
$opt = "--$long";
}
if($arg) {
$opt .= " $arg";
}
# quote "bare" minuses in opt
$opt =~ s/( |^)--/$1\\-\\-/g;
$opt =~ s/( |^)-/$1\\-/g;
if($standalone) {
print ".TH curl 1 \"30 Nov 2016\" \"curl 7.52.0\" \"curl manual\"\n";
print ".SH OPTION\n";
print "curl $opt\n";
}
else {
print ".IP \"$opt\"\n";
}
if($protocols) {
print protocols($standalone, $protocols);
}
if($standalone) {
print ".SH DESCRIPTION\n";
}
printdesc(@desc);
undef @desc;
my @foot;
if($seealso) {
my @m=split(/ /, $seealso);
my $mstr;
my $and = 0;
my $num = scalar(@m);
if($num > 2) {
# use commas up to this point
$and = $num - 1;
}
my $i = 0;
for my $k (@m) {
if(!$helplong{$k}) {
print STDERR "$f:$line:1:WARN: see-also a non-existing option: $k\n";
}
my $l = manpageify($k);
my $sep = " and";
if($and && ($i < $and)) {
$sep = ",";
}
$mstr .= sprintf "%s$l", $mstr?"$sep ":"";
$i++;
}
push @foot, seealso($standalone, $mstr);
}
if($requires) {
my $l = manpageify($long);
push @foot, "$l requires that the underlying libcurl".
" was built to support $requires. ";
}
if($mutexed) {
my @m=split(/ /, $mutexed);
my $mstr;
for my $k (@m) {
if(!$helplong{$k}) {
print STDERR "WARN: $f mutexes a non-existing option: $k\n";
}
my $l = manpageify($k);
$mstr .= sprintf "%s$l", $mstr?" and ":"";
}
push @foot, overrides($standalone,
"This option is mutually exclusive to $mstr. ");
}
if($examples[0]) {
my $s ="";
$s="s" if($examples[1]);
print "\nExample$s:\n.nf\n";
foreach my $e (@examples) {
$e =~ s!\$URL!https://example.com!g;
print " curl $e\n";
}
print ".fi\n";
}
if($added) {
push @foot, added($standalone, $added);
}
if($foot[0]) {
print "\n";
my $f = join("", @foot);
$f =~ s/ +\z//; # remove trailing space
print "$f\n";
}
return 0;
}
sub getshortlong {
my ($f)=@_;
open(F, "<:crlf", "$f");
my $short;
my $long;
my $help;
my $arg;
my $protocols;
my $category;
while(<F>) {
if(/^Short: (.)/i) {
$short=$1;
}
elsif(/^Long: (.*)/i) {
$long=$1;
}
elsif(/^Help: (.*)/i) {
$help=$1;
}
elsif(/^Arg: (.*)/i) {
$arg=$1;
}
elsif(/^Protocols: (.*)/i) {
$protocols=$1;
}
elsif(/^Category: (.*)/i) {
$category=$1;
}
elsif(/^---/) {
last;
}
}
close(F);
if($short) {
$optshort{$short}=$long;
}
if($long) {
$optlong{$long}=$short;
$helplong{$long}=$help;
$arglong{$long}=$arg;
$protolong{$long}=$protocols;
$catlong{$long}=$category;
}
}
sub indexoptions {
my (@files) = @_;
foreach my $f (@files) {
getshortlong($f);
}
}
sub header {
my ($f)=@_;
open(F, "<:crlf", "$f");
my @d;
while(<F>) {
s/%DATE/$date/g;
s/%VERSION/$version/g;
push @d, $_;
}
close(F);
printdesc(@d);
}
sub listhelp {
print <<HEAD
/***************************************************************************
* _ _ ____ _
* Project ___| | | | _ \\| |
* / __| | | | |_) | |
* | (__| |_| | _ <| |___
* \\___|\\___/|_| \\_\\_____|
*
* Copyright (C) 1998 - $year, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
*
* This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
* you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
* are also available at https://curl.se/docs/copyright.html.
*
* You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
*
* This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied.
*
* SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
*
***************************************************************************/
#include "tool_setup.h"
#include "tool_help.h"
/*
* DO NOT edit tool_listhelp.c manually.
* This source file is generated with the following command:
cd \$srcroot/docs/cmdline-opts
./gen.pl listhelp *.d > \$srcroot/src/tool_listhelp.c
*/
const struct helptxt helptext[] = {
HEAD
;
foreach my $f (sort keys %helplong) {
my $long = $f;
my $short = $optlong{$long};
my @categories = split ' ', $catlong{$long};
my $bitmask;
my $opt;
if(defined($short) && $long) {
$opt = "-$short, --$long";
}
elsif($long && !$short) {
$opt = " --$long";
}
for my $i (0 .. $#categories) {
$bitmask .= 'CURLHELP_' . uc $categories[$i];
# If not last element, append |
if($i < $#categories) {
$bitmask .= ' | ';
}
}
my $arg = $arglong{$long};
if($arg) {
$opt .= " $arg";
}
my $desc = $helplong{$f};
$desc =~ s/\"/\\\"/g; # escape double quotes
my $line = sprintf " {\"%s\",\n \"%s\",\n %s},\n", $opt, $desc, $bitmask;
if(length($opt) > 78) {
print STDERR "WARN: the --$long name is too long\n";
}
elsif(length($desc) > 78) {
print STDERR "WARN: the --$long description is too long\n";
}
print $line;
}
print <<FOOT
{ NULL, NULL, CURLHELP_HIDDEN }
};
FOOT
;
}
sub listcats {
my %allcats;
foreach my $f (sort keys %helplong) {
my @categories = split ' ', $catlong{$f};
foreach (@categories) {
$allcats{$_} = undef;
}
}
my @categories;
foreach my $key (keys %allcats) {
push @categories, $key;
}
@categories = sort @categories;
unshift @categories, 'hidden';
for my $i (0..$#categories) {
print '#define ' . 'CURLHELP_' . uc($categories[$i]) . ' ' . "1u << " . $i . "u\n";
}
}
sub mainpage {
my (@files) = @_;
my $ret;
# show the page header
header("page-header");
# output docs for all options
foreach my $f (sort @files) {
$ret += single($f, 0);
}
header("page-footer");
exit $ret if($ret);
}
sub showonly {
my ($f) = @_;
if(single($f, 1)) {
print STDERR "$f: failed\n";
}
}
sub showprotocols {
my %prots;
foreach my $f (keys %optlong) {
my @p = split(/ /, $protolong{$f});
for my $p (@p) {
$prots{$p}++;
}
}
for(sort keys %prots) {
printf "$_ (%d options)\n", $prots{$_};
}
}
sub getargs {
my ($f, @s) = @_;
if($f eq "mainpage") {
mainpage(@s);
return;
}
elsif($f eq "listhelp") {
listhelp();
return;
}
elsif($f eq "single") {
showonly($s[0]);
return;
}
elsif($f eq "protos") {
showprotocols();
return;
}
elsif($f eq "listcats") {
listcats();
return;
}
print "Usage: gen.pl <mainpage/listhelp/single FILE/protos/listcats> [files]\n";
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
my $cmd = shift @ARGV;
my @files = @ARGV; # the rest are the files
# learn all existing options
indexoptions(@files);
getargs($cmd, @files);

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@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: get
Short: G
Help: Put the post data in the URL and use GET
Category: http upload
Example: --get $URL
Example: --get -d "tool=curl" -d "age=old" $URL
Example: --get -I -d "tool=curl" $URL
Added: 7.8.1
See-also: data request
---
When used, this option will make all data specified with --data, --data-binary
or --data-urlencode to be used in an HTTP GET request instead of the POST
request that otherwise would be used. The data will be appended to the URL
with a '?' separator.
If used in combination with --head, the POST data will instead be appended to
the URL with a HEAD request.
If this option is used several times, only the first one is used. This is
because undoing a GET does not make sense, but you should then instead enforce
the alternative method you prefer.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: globoff
Short: g
Help: Disable URL sequences and ranges using {} and []
Category: curl
Example: -g "https://example.com/{[]}}}}"
Added: 7.6
See-also: config disable
---
This option switches off the "URL globbing parser". When you set this option,
you can specify URLs that contain the letters {}[] without having curl itself
interpret them. Note that these letters are not normal legal URL contents but
they should be encoded according to the URI standard.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: happy-eyeballs-timeout-ms
Arg: <milliseconds>
Help: Time for IPv6 before trying IPv4
Added: 7.59.0
Category: connection
Example: --happy-eyeballs-timeout-ms 500 $URL
See-also: max-time connect-timeout
---
Happy Eyeballs is an algorithm that attempts to connect to both IPv4 and IPv6
addresses for dual-stack hosts, giving IPv6 a head-start of the specified
number of milliseconds. If the IPv6 address cannot be connected to within that
time, then a connection attempt is made to the IPv4 address in parallel. The
first connection to be established is the one that is used.
The range of suggested useful values is limited. Happy Eyeballs RFC 6555 says
"It is RECOMMENDED that connection attempts be paced 150-250 ms apart to
balance human factors against network load." libcurl currently defaults to
200 ms. Firefox and Chrome currently default to 300 ms.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: haproxy-protocol
Help: Send HAProxy PROXY protocol v1 header
Protocols: HTTP
Added: 7.60.0
Category: http proxy
Example: --haproxy-protocol $URL
See-also: proxy
---
Send a HAProxy PROXY protocol v1 header at the beginning of the
connection. This is used by some load balancers and reverse proxies to
indicate the client's true IP address and port.
This option is primarily useful when sending test requests to a service that
expects this header.

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@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: head
Short: I
Help: Show document info only
Protocols: HTTP FTP FILE
Category: http ftp file
Example: -I $URL
Added: 4.0
See-also: get verbose trace-ascii
---
Fetch the headers only! HTTP-servers feature the command HEAD which this uses
to get nothing but the header of a document. When used on an FTP or FILE file,
curl displays the file size and last modification time only.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: header
Short: H
Arg: <header/@file>
Help: Pass custom header(s) to server
Protocols: HTTP
Category: http
See-also: user-agent referer
Example: -H "X-First-Name: Joe" $URL
Example: -H "User-Agent: yes-please/2000" $URL
Example: -H "Host:" $URL
Added: 5.0
---
Extra header to include in the request when sending HTTP to a server. You may
specify any number of extra headers. Note that if you should add a custom
header that has the same name as one of the internal ones curl would use, your
externally set header will be used instead of the internal one. This allows
you to make even trickier stuff than curl would normally do. You should not
replace internally set headers without knowing perfectly well what you are
doing. Remove an internal header by giving a replacement without content on
the right side of the colon, as in: -H "Host:". If you send the custom
header with no-value then its header must be terminated with a semicolon, such
as \-H "X-Custom-Header;" to send "X-Custom-Header:".
curl will make sure that each header you add/replace is sent with the proper
end-of-line marker, you should thus **not** add that as a part of the header
content: do not add newlines or carriage returns, they will only mess things
up for you.
This option can take an argument in @filename style, which then adds a header
for each line in the input file. Using @- will make curl read the header file
from stdin. Added in 7.55.0.
You need --proxy-header to send custom headers intended for an HTTP
proxy. Added in 7.37.0.
Passing on a "Transfer-Encoding: chunked" header when doing an HTTP request
with a request body, will make curl send the data using chunked encoding.
**WARNING**: headers set with this option will be set in all requests - even
after redirects are followed, like when told with --location. This can lead to
the header being sent to other hosts than the original host, so sensitive
headers should be used with caution combined with following redirects.
This option can be used multiple times to add/replace/remove multiple headers.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: help
Arg: <category>
Short: h
Help: Get help for commands
Category: important curl
Example: --help all
Added: 4.0
See-also: verbose
---
Usage help. This lists all commands of the <category>.
If no arg was provided, curl will display the most important
command line arguments.
If the argument "all" was provided, curl will display all options available.
If the argument "category" was provided, curl will display all categories and
their meanings.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: hostpubmd5
Arg: <md5>
Help: Acceptable MD5 hash of the host public key
Protocols: SFTP SCP
Added: 7.17.1
Category: sftp scp
Example: --hostpubmd5 e5c1c49020640a5ab0f2034854c321a8 sftp://example.com/
See-also: hostpubsha256
---
Pass a string containing 32 hexadecimal digits. The string should
be the 128 bit MD5 checksum of the remote host's public key, curl will refuse
the connection with the host unless the md5sums match.

14
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@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: hostpubsha256
Arg: <sha256>
Help: Acceptable SHA256 hash of the host public key
Protocols: SFTP SCP
Added: 7.80.0
Category: sftp scp
Example: --hostpubsha256 NDVkMTQxMGQ1ODdmMjQ3MjczYjAyOTY5MmRkMjVmNDQ= sftp://example.com/
See-also: hostpubmd5
---
Pass a string containing a Base64-encoded SHA256 hash of the remote
host's public key. Curl will refuse the connection with the host
unless the hashes match.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: hsts
Arg: <file name>
Protocols: HTTPS
Help: Enable HSTS with this cache file
Added: 7.74.0
Category: http
Example: --hsts cache.txt $URL
See-also: proto
---
This option enables HSTS for the transfer. If the file name points to an
existing HSTS cache file, that will be used. After a completed transfer, the
cache will be saved to the file name again if it has been modified.
Specify a "" file name (zero length) to avoid loading/saving and make curl
just handle HSTS in memory.
If this option is used several times, curl will load contents from all the
files but the last one will be used for saving.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: http0.9
Tags: Versions
Protocols: HTTP
Help: Allow HTTP 0.9 responses
Category: http
Example: --http0.9 $URL
Added: 7.64.0
See-also: http1.1 http2 http3
---
Tells curl to be fine with HTTP version 0.9 response.
HTTP/0.9 is a completely headerless response and therefore you can also
connect with this to non-HTTP servers and still get a response since curl will
simply transparently downgrade - if allowed.
Since curl 7.66.0, HTTP/0.9 is disabled by default.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Short: 0
Long: http1.0
Tags: Versions
Protocols: HTTP
Added: 7.9.1
Mutexed: http1.1 http2 http2-prior-knowledge http3
Help: Use HTTP 1.0
Category: http
Example: --http1.0 $URL
See-also: http0.9 http1.1
---
Tells curl to use HTTP version 1.0 instead of using its internally preferred
HTTP version.

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@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: http1.1
Tags: Versions
Protocols: HTTP
Added: 7.33.0
Mutexed: http1.0 http2 http2-prior-knowledge http3
Help: Use HTTP 1.1
Category: http
Example: --http1.1 $URL
See-also: http1.0 http0.9
---
Tells curl to use HTTP version 1.1.

17
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@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: http2-prior-knowledge
Tags: Versions
Protocols: HTTP
Added: 7.49.0
Mutexed: http1.1 http1.0 http2 http3
Requires: HTTP/2
Help: Use HTTP 2 without HTTP/1.1 Upgrade
Category: http
Example: --http2-prior-knowledge $URL
See-also: http2 http3
---
Tells curl to issue its non-TLS HTTP requests using HTTP/2 without HTTP/1.1
Upgrade. It requires prior knowledge that the server supports HTTP/2 straight
away. HTTPS requests will still do HTTP/2 the standard way with negotiated
protocol version in the TLS handshake.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: http2
Tags: Versions
Protocols: HTTP
Added: 7.33.0
Mutexed: http1.1 http1.0 http2-prior-knowledge http3
Requires: HTTP/2
See-also: no-alpn
Help: Use HTTP 2
See-also: http1.1 http3
Category: http
Example: --http2 $URL
---
Tells curl to use HTTP version 2.
For HTTPS, this means curl will attempt to negotiate HTTP/2 in the TLS
handshake. curl does this by default.
For HTTP, this means curl will attempt to upgrade the request to HTTP/2 using
the Upgrade: request header.
When curl uses HTTP/2 over HTTPS, it does not itself insist on TLS 1.2 or
higher even though that is required by the specification. A user can add this
version requirement with --tlsv1.2.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: http3
Tags: Versions
Protocols: HTTP
Added: 7.66.0
Mutexed: http1.1 http1.0 http2 http2-prior-knowledge
Requires: HTTP/3
Help: Use HTTP v3
See-also: http1.1 http2
Category: http
Example: --http3 $URL
---
**WARNING**: this option is experimental. Do not use in production.
Tells curl to use HTTP version 3 directly to the host and port number used in
the URL. A normal HTTP/3 transaction will be done to a host and then get
redirected via Alt-Svc, but this option allows a user to circumvent that when
you know that the target speaks HTTP/3 on the given host and port.
This option will make curl fail if a QUIC connection cannot be established, it
cannot fall back to a lower HTTP version on its own.

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@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: ignore-content-length
Help: Ignore the size of the remote resource
Protocols: FTP HTTP
Category: http ftp
Example: --ignore-content-length $URL
Added: 7.14.1
See-also: ftp-skip-pasv-ip
---
For HTTP, Ignore the Content-Length header. This is particularly useful for
servers running Apache 1.x, which will report incorrect Content-Length for
files larger than 2 gigabytes.
For FTP (since 7.46.0), skip the RETR command to figure out the size before
downloading a file.
This option does not work for HTTP if libcurl was built to use hyper.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: include
Short: i
Help: Include protocol response headers in the output
See-also: verbose
Category: important verbose
Example: -i $URL
Added: 4.8
---
Include the HTTP response headers in the output. The HTTP response headers can
include things like server name, cookies, date of the document, HTTP version
and more...
To view the request headers, consider the --verbose option.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: insecure
Short: k
Help: Allow insecure server connections
Protocols: TLS SFTP SCP
See-also: proxy-insecure cacert capath
Category: tls sftp scp
Example: --insecure $URL
Added: 7.10
---
By default, every secure connection curl makes is verified to be secure before
the transfer takes place. This option makes curl skip the verification step
and proceed without checking.
When this option is not used for protocols using TLS, curl verifies the
server's TLS certificate before it continues: that the certificate contains
the right name which matches the host name used in the URL and that the
certificate has been signed by a CA certificate present in the cert store.
See this online resource for further details:
https://curl.se/docs/sslcerts.html
For SFTP and SCP, this option makes curl skip the *known_hosts* verification.
*known_hosts* is a file normally stored in the user's home directory in the
".ssh" subdirectory, which contains host names and their public keys.
**WARNING**: using this option makes the transfer insecure.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: interface
Arg: <name>
Help: Use network INTERFACE (or address)
See-also: dns-interface
Category: connection
Example: --interface eth0 $URL
Added: 7.3
---
Perform an operation using a specified interface. You can enter interface
name, IP address or host name. An example could look like:
curl --interface eth0:1 https://www.example.com/
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
On Linux it can be used to specify a VRF, but the binary needs to either
have CAP_NET_RAW or to be run as root. More information about Linux VRF:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/vrf.txt

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Short: 4
Long: ipv4
Tags: Versions
Protocols:
Added: 7.10.8
Mutexed: ipv6
Requires:
See-also: http1.1 http2
Help: Resolve names to IPv4 addresses
Category: connection dns
Example: --ipv4 $URL
---
This option tells curl to use IPv4 addresses only, and not for example try
IPv6.

16
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@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Short: 6
Long: ipv6
Tags: Versions
Protocols:
Added: 7.10.8
Mutexed: ipv4
Requires:
See-also: http1.1 http2
Help: Resolve names to IPv6 addresses
Category: connection dns
Example: --ipv6 $URL
---
This option tells curl to use IPv6 addresses only, and not for example try
IPv4.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: json
Arg: <data>
Help: HTTP POST JSON
Protocols: HTTP
See-also: data-binary data-raw
Mutexed: form head upload-file
Category: http post upload
Example: --json '{ "drink": "coffe" }' $URL
Example: --json '{ "drink":' --json ' "coffe" }' $URL
Example: --json @prepared $URL
Example: --json @- $URL < json.txt
Added: 7.82.0
---
Sends the specified JSON data in a POST request to the HTTP server. --json
works as a shortcut for passing on these three options:
--data [arg]
--header "Content-Type: application/json"
--header "Accept: application/json"
There is **no verification** that the passed in data is actual JSON or that
the syntax is correct.
If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a file name to
read the data from, or a single dash (-) if you want curl to read the data
from stdin. Posting data from a file named 'foobar' would thus be done with
--json @foobar and to instead read the data from stdin, use --json @-.
If this option is used more than once on the same command line, the additional
data pieces will be concatenated to the previous before sending.
The headers this option sets can be overridden with --header as usual.

15
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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: junk-session-cookies
Short: j
Help: Ignore session cookies read from file
Protocols: HTTP
See-also: cookie cookie-jar
Category: http
Example: --junk-session-cookies -b cookies.txt $URL
Added: 7.9.7
---
When curl is told to read cookies from a given file, this option will make it
discard all "session cookies". This will basically have the same effect as if
a new session is started. Typical browsers always discard session cookies when
they are closed down.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: keepalive-time
Arg: <seconds>
Help: Interval time for keepalive probes
Added: 7.18.0
Category: connection
Example: --keepalive-time 20 $URL
See-also: no-keepalive max-time
---
This option sets the time a connection needs to remain idle before sending
keepalive probes and the time between individual keepalive probes. It is
currently effective on operating systems offering the TCP_KEEPIDLE and
TCP_KEEPINTVL socket options (meaning Linux, recent AIX, HP-UX and more).
Keepalives are used by the TCP stack to detect broken networks on idle
connections. The number of missed keepalive probes before declaring the
connection down is OS dependent and is commonly 9 or 10. This option has no
effect if --no-keepalive is used.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. If
unspecified, the option defaults to 60 seconds.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: key-type
Arg: <type>
Help: Private key file type (DER/PEM/ENG)
Protocols: TLS
Category: tls
Example: --key-type DER --key here $URL
Added: 7.9.3
See-also: key
---
Private key file type. Specify which type your --key provided private key
is. DER, PEM, and ENG are supported. If not specified, PEM is assumed.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

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c: Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
Long: key
Arg: <key>
Protocols: TLS SSH
Help: Private key file name
Category: tls ssh
Example: --cert certificate --key here $URL
Added: 7.9.3
See-also: key-type cert
---
Private key file name. Allows you to provide your private key in this separate
file. For SSH, if not specified, curl tries the following candidates in order:
'~/.ssh/id_rsa', '~/.ssh/id_dsa', './id_rsa', './id_dsa'.
If curl is built against OpenSSL library, and the engine pkcs11 is available,
then a PKCS#11 URI (RFC 7512) can be used to specify a private key located in a
PKCS#11 device. A string beginning with "pkcs11:" will be interpreted as a
PKCS#11 URI. If a PKCS#11 URI is provided, then the --engine option will be set
as "pkcs11" if none was provided and the --key-type option will be set as
"ENG" if none was provided.
If curl is built against Secure Transport or Schannel then this option is
ignored for TLS protocols (HTTPS, etc). Those backends expect the private key
to be already present in the keychain or PKCS#12 file containing the
certificate.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

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