diff --git a/server/src/main/resources/overrides/game_objects0.adb.lst b/server/src/main/resources/overrides/game_objects0.adb.lst
index 26a2c85ad..4405357a7 100644
--- a/server/src/main/resources/overrides/game_objects0.adb.lst
+++ b/server/src/main/resources/overrides/game_objects0.adb.lst
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ add_property pulsar equiptime 600
 add_property pulsar holstertime 600
 add_property punisher equiptime 600
 add_property punisher holstertime 600
-add_property radiator allowed false
+add_property radiator allowed true
 add_property r_shotgun equiptime 750
 add_property r_shotgun holstertime 750
 add_property remote_electronics_kit equiptime 500
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/csr/WeaponAndProjectileLogic.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/csr/WeaponAndProjectileLogic.scala
index b8c0b6485..ea81f368c 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/csr/WeaponAndProjectileLogic.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/csr/WeaponAndProjectileLogic.scala
@@ -127,14 +127,14 @@ class WeaponAndProjectileLogic(val ops: WeaponAndProjectileOperations, implicit
     val list = ops.composeDirectDamageInformation(pkt)
     if (!player.spectator) {
       list.foreach {
-        case (target, projectile, _, _) =>
-          ops.resolveProjectileInteraction(target, projectile, DamageResolution.Hit, target.Position)
+        case (target, projectile, _, targetPos) =>
+          ops.resolveProjectileInteractionAndProxy(target, projectile, DamageResolution.Hit, targetPos)
       }
       //...
       if (list.isEmpty) {
         ops.handleProxyDamage(pkt.projectile_guid, pkt.hit_info.map(_.hit_pos).getOrElse(Vector3.Zero)).foreach {
-          case (target, proxy, hitPos, _) =>
-            ops.resolveProjectileInteraction(target, proxy, DamageResolution.Hit, hitPos)
+          case (target, proxy, _, targetPos) =>
+            ops.resolveProjectileInteraction(target, proxy, DamageResolution.Hit, targetPos)
         }
       }
     }
@@ -157,12 +157,12 @@ class WeaponAndProjectileLogic(val ops: WeaponAndProjectileOperations, implicit
         //...
         val (direct, others) = list.partition { case (_, _, hitPos, targetPos) => hitPos == targetPos }
         direct.foreach {
-          case (target, _, _, _) =>
-            ops.resolveProjectileInteraction(target, projectile, resolution1, target.Position)
+          case (target, _, _, targetPos) =>
+            ops.resolveProjectileInteractionAndProxy(target, projectile, resolution1, targetPos)
         }
         others.foreach {
-          case (target, _, _, _) =>
-            ops.resolveProjectileInteraction(target, projectile, resolution2, target.Position)
+          case (target, _, _, targetPos) =>
+            ops.resolveProjectileInteraction(target, projectile, resolution2, targetPos)
         }
         //...
         if (
@@ -183,11 +183,11 @@ class WeaponAndProjectileLogic(val ops: WeaponAndProjectileOperations, implicit
         if (profile.ExistsOnRemoteClients && projectile.HasGUID) {
           continent.Projectile ! ZoneProjectile.Remove(projectileGuid)
         }
-      }
-      //...
-      ops.handleProxyDamage(pkt.projectile_uid, pkt.projectile_pos).foreach {
-        case (target, proxy, hitPos, _) =>
-          ops.resolveProjectileInteraction(target, proxy, DamageResolution.Splash, hitPos)
+      } else {
+        ops.handleProxyDamage(pkt.projectile_uid, pkt.projectile_pos).foreach {
+          case (target, proxy, _, targetPos) =>
+            ops.resolveProjectileInteraction(target, proxy, DamageResolution.Splash, targetPos)
+        }
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/normal/WeaponAndProjectileLogic.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/normal/WeaponAndProjectileLogic.scala
index 6ce96411b..8648046d8 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/normal/WeaponAndProjectileLogic.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/normal/WeaponAndProjectileLogic.scala
@@ -144,9 +144,9 @@ class WeaponAndProjectileLogic(val ops: WeaponAndProjectileOperations, implicit
     val projectileGuid = pkt.projectile_guid
     val list = ops.composeDirectDamageInformation(pkt)
       .collect {
-        case (target, projectile, hitPos, _) =>
-          ops.checkForHitPositionDiscrepancy(projectileGuid, hitPos, target)
-          ops.resolveProjectileInteraction(target, projectile, DamageResolution.Hit, hitPos)
+        case (target, projectile, hitPos, targetPos) =>
+          ops.checkForHitPositionDiscrepancy(projectileGuid, hitPos, targetPos)
+          ops.resolveProjectileInteractionAndProxy(target, projectile, DamageResolution.Hit, hitPos)
           projectile
       }
     //...
@@ -174,9 +174,9 @@ class WeaponAndProjectileLogic(val ops: WeaponAndProjectileOperations, implicit
       //...
       val (direct, others) = list.partition { case (_, _, hitPos, targetPos) => hitPos == targetPos }
       direct.foreach {
-        case (target, _, hitPos, _) =>
-          ops.checkForHitPositionDiscrepancy(projectileGuid, hitPos, target)
-          ops.resolveProjectileInteraction(target, projectile, resolution1, hitPos)
+        case (target, _, hitPos, targetPos) =>
+          ops.checkForHitPositionDiscrepancy(projectileGuid, hitPos, targetPos)
+          ops.resolveProjectileInteractionAndProxy(target, projectile, resolution1, hitPos)
       }
       others.foreach {
         case (target, _, hitPos, _) =>
@@ -202,19 +202,19 @@ class WeaponAndProjectileLogic(val ops: WeaponAndProjectileOperations, implicit
         //cleanup
         continent.Projectile ! ZoneProjectile.Remove(projectile.GUID)
       }
-    }
-    //...
-    ops.handleProxyDamage(pkt.projectile_uid, pkt.projectile_pos).foreach {
-      case (target, proxy, hitPos, _) =>
-        ops.resolveProjectileInteraction(target, proxy, DamageResolution.Splash, hitPos)
+    } else {
+      ops.handleProxyDamage(pkt.projectile_uid, pkt.projectile_pos).foreach {
+        case (target, proxy, hitPos, _) =>
+          ops.resolveProjectileInteraction(target, proxy, DamageResolution.Splash, hitPos)
+      }
     }
   }
 
   def handleLashHit(pkt: LashMessage): Unit = {
     val list = ops.composeLashDamageInformation(pkt)
     list.foreach {
-      case (target, projectile, hitPos, _) =>
-        ops.checkForHitPositionDiscrepancy(projectile.GUID, hitPos, target)
+      case (target, projectile, hitPos, targetPos) =>
+        ops.checkForHitPositionDiscrepancy(projectile.GUID, hitPos, targetPos)
         ops.resolveProjectileInteraction(target, projectile, DamageResolution.Lash, hitPos)
     }
   }
@@ -223,8 +223,8 @@ class WeaponAndProjectileLogic(val ops: WeaponAndProjectileOperations, implicit
     val list = ops.composeAIDamageInformation(pkt)
     if (ops.confirmAIDamageTarget(pkt, list.map(_._1))) {
       list.foreach {
-        case (target, projectile, hitPos, _) =>
-          ops.checkForHitPositionDiscrepancy(pkt.attacker_guid, hitPos, target)
+        case (target, projectile, hitPos, targetPos) =>
+          ops.checkForHitPositionDiscrepancy(pkt.attacker_guid, hitPos, targetPos)
           ops.resolveProjectileInteraction(target, projectile, DamageResolution.Hit, hitPos)
       }
     }
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/support/WeaponAndProjectileOperations.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/support/WeaponAndProjectileOperations.scala
index 280a282c3..a6ab82fd4 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/support/WeaponAndProjectileOperations.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/support/WeaponAndProjectileOperations.scala
@@ -513,6 +513,7 @@ class WeaponAndProjectileOperations(
           hit_info match {
             case Some(hitInfo) =>
               val hitPos = hitInfo.hit_pos
+              projectile.Position = hitPos
               sessionLogic.validObject(hitInfo.hitobject_guid, decorator = "Hit/hitInfo") match {
                 case _ if projectile.profile == GlobalDefinitions.flail_projectile =>
                   val radius = projectile.profile.DamageRadius * projectile.profile.DamageRadius
@@ -522,7 +523,7 @@ class WeaponAndProjectileOperations(
                     .map(target => (target, projectile, hitPos, target.Position))
 
                 case Some(target: PlanetSideGameObject with FactionAffinity with Vitality) =>
-                  List((target, projectile, hitInfo.shot_origin, hitPos))
+                  List((target, projectile, hitPos, target.Position))
 
                 case None =>
                   Nil
@@ -585,7 +586,9 @@ class WeaponAndProjectileOperations(
     FindProjectileEntry(projectile_guid)
       .flatMap {
         projectile =>
-        sessionLogic
+          //projectile may still be moving, and may lash other targets in the future when in a different position
+          projectile.Position = hit_pos
+          sessionLogic
             .validObject(victim_guid, decorator = "LashHit/victim_guid")
             .collect {
               case target: PlanetSideGameObject with FactionAffinity with Vitality =>
@@ -668,6 +671,18 @@ class WeaponAndProjectileOperations(
       .getOrElse(Nil)
   }
 
+  private def handleProxyDamage(
+                                 projectile: Projectile,
+                                 explosionPosition: Vector3
+                               ):  List[(PlanetSideGameObject with FactionAffinity with Vitality, Projectile, Vector3, Vector3)] = {
+    val proxyList = resolveDamageProxy(projectile, projectile.GUID, explosionPosition)
+    proxyList.collectFirst {
+      case (_, proxy, _, _) if proxy.profile == GlobalDefinitions.oicw_little_buddy =>
+        queueLittleBuddyExplosion(proxy)
+    }
+    proxyList
+  }
+
   /**
    * Take a projectile that was introduced into the game world and
    * determine if it generates a secondary damage projectile or
@@ -698,12 +713,14 @@ class WeaponAndProjectileOperations(
             queueLittleBuddyExplosion(proxy)
             Nil
           } else if (proxy.profile.ExistsOnRemoteClients) {
+            proxy.Position = hitPos
             proxy.WhichSide = projectile.WhichSide
             continent.Projectile ! ZoneProjectile.Add(player.GUID, proxy)
             Nil
           } else if (proxy.tool_def == GlobalDefinitions.maelstrom) {
             //server-side maelstrom grenade target selection
             //for convenience purposes, all resulting chain lashing is handled here and resolves in one pass
+            proxy.Position = hitPos
             proxy.WhichSide = Sidedness.StrictlyBetweenSides
             val radiusSquared = proxy.profile.LashRadius * proxy.profile.LashRadius
             var availableTargets = sessionLogic.localSector.livePlayerList
@@ -812,6 +829,26 @@ class WeaponAndProjectileOperations(
     context.system.scheduler.scheduleOnce(500.milliseconds) { explosionFunc() }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Find a projectile with the given globally unique identifier and mark it as a resolved shot.
+   * A `Resolved` shot has either encountered an obstacle or is being cleaned up for not finding an obstacle.
+   * Check if we are required to deal with damage proxy management as well.
+   * @param projectile projectile
+   * @param resolution resolution status to promote the projectile
+   * @return package that contains information about the damage
+   */
+  def resolveProjectileInteractionAndProxy(
+                                            target: PlanetSideGameObject with FactionAffinity with Vitality,
+                                            projectile: Projectile,
+                                            resolution: DamageResolution.Value,
+                                            hitPosition: Vector3
+                                          ): Option[DamageInteraction] = {
+    if (projectile.profile.DamageProxyOnDirectHit.exists(_.test(target))) {
+      handleProxyDamage(projectile, hitPosition)
+    }
+    resolveProjectileInteraction(target, projectile, resolution, hitPosition)
+  }
+
   /**
    * Find a projectile with the given globally unique identifier and mark it as a resolved shot.
    * A `Resolved` shot has either encountered an obstacle or is being cleaned up for not finding an obstacle.
@@ -1445,15 +1482,23 @@ class WeaponAndProjectileOperations(
   }
 
   def checkForHitPositionDiscrepancy(
-                                      projectile_guid: PlanetSideGUID,
-                                      hitPos: Vector3,
+                                      projectileGuid: PlanetSideGUID,
+                                      hitPosition: Vector3,
                                       target: PlanetSideGameObject with Vitality
                                     ): Unit = {
-    val hitPositionDiscrepancy = Vector3.DistanceSquared(hitPos, target.Position)
+    checkForHitPositionDiscrepancy(projectileGuid, hitPosition, target.Position)
+  }
+
+  def checkForHitPositionDiscrepancy(
+                                      projectileGuid: PlanetSideGUID,
+                                      hitPosition: Vector3,
+                                      targetPosition: Vector3
+                                    ): Unit = {
+    val hitPositionDiscrepancy = Vector3.DistanceSquared(hitPosition, targetPosition)
     if (hitPositionDiscrepancy > Config.app.antiCheat.hitPositionDiscrepancyThreshold) {
       // If the target position on the server does not match the position where the projectile landed within reason there may be foul play
       log.warn(
-        s"${player.Name}'s shot #${projectile_guid.guid} has hit discrepancy with target. Target: ${target.Position}, Reported: $hitPos, Distance: $hitPositionDiscrepancy / ${math.sqrt(hitPositionDiscrepancy).toFloat}; suspect"
+        s"${player.Name}'s shot #${projectileGuid.guid} has hit discrepancy with target. Target: $targetPosition, Reported: $hitPosition, Distance: $hitPositionDiscrepancy / ${math.sqrt(hitPositionDiscrepancy).toFloat}; suspect"
       )
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/Player.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/Player.scala
index ef86bcbae..c0023ebb6 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/Player.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/Player.scala
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ import net.psforever.objects.vital.damage.DamageProfile
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.interaction.DamageInteraction
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.resolution.DamageResistanceModel
 import net.psforever.objects.zones.blockmap.BlockMapEntity
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.{InteractsWithZone, ZoneAware, Zoning}
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.{ZoneAware, Zoning}
 import net.psforever.types._
 
 import scala.annotation.tailrec
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/TurretDeployable.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/TurretDeployable.scala
index 8ff12a077..17dd8dc3b 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/TurretDeployable.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/TurretDeployable.scala
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import net.psforever.objects.vital.damage.DamageCalculations
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.interaction.DamageResult
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.resistance.StandardResistanceProfile
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.{SimpleResolutions, StandardVehicleResistance}
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.InteractsWithZone
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 import net.psforever.packet.game.TriggeredSound
 import net.psforever.services.vehicle.{VehicleAction, VehicleServiceMessage}
 
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/Vehicle.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/Vehicle.scala
index f7435166f..3658294d5 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/Vehicle.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/Vehicle.scala
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ import net.psforever.objects.vehicles.interaction.{TriggerOnVehicleRule, WithLav
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.resistance.StandardResistanceProfile
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.Vitality
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.resolution.DamageResistanceModel
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.InteractsWithZone
 import net.psforever.objects.zones.blockmap.BlockMapEntity
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 import net.psforever.packet.PlanetSideGamePacket
 import net.psforever.types.{PlanetSideEmpire, PlanetSideGUID, Vector3}
 
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/PlayerControl.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/PlayerControl.scala
index f1e8e3440..972106aa9 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/PlayerControl.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/PlayerControl.scala
@@ -898,7 +898,7 @@ class PlayerControl(player: Player, avatarActor: typed.ActorRef[AvatarActor.Comm
         //initial damage for aggravation, but never treat as "aggravated"
         false
       case _ =>
-        cause.interaction.cause.source.Aggravated.nonEmpty
+        target.VehicleSeated.isEmpty && cause.interaction.cause.source.Aggravated.nonEmpty
     }
     //log historical event (always)
     target.LogActivity(cause)
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/interaction/WithEntrance.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/interaction/WithEntrance.scala
index 8263b7627..4e15faf4f 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/interaction/WithEntrance.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/interaction/WithEntrance.scala
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.doors.{Door, InteriorDoorPassage}
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.{EnvironmentAttribute, EnvironmentTrait, PieceOfEnvironment, interaction}
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.interaction.{InteractionWith, RespondsToZoneEnvironment}
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.interior.{Sidedness, TraditionalInteriorAware}
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.InteractsWithZone
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 import net.psforever.types.Vector3
 
 import scala.annotation.unused
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/interaction/WithGantry.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/interaction/WithGantry.scala
index 35f084055..09d4a330a 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/interaction/WithGantry.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/interaction/WithGantry.scala
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.interaction.{InteractionWi
 import net.psforever.objects.{Player, Vehicle, Vehicles}
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.{EnvironmentAttribute, EnvironmentTrait, GantryDenialField, PieceOfEnvironment, interaction}
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.shuttle.OrbitalShuttlePad
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.InteractsWithZone
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 import net.psforever.packet.game.{ChatMsg, PlayerStateShiftMessage, ShiftState}
 import net.psforever.services.Service
 import net.psforever.services.avatar.{AvatarAction, AvatarServiceMessage}
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/interaction/WithLava.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/interaction/WithLava.scala
index f2f5b6174..8526b878d 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/interaction/WithLava.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/interaction/WithLava.scala
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import net.psforever.objects.sourcing.SourceEntry
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.Vitality
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.environment.EnvironmentReason
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.interaction.DamageInteraction
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.InteractsWithZone
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 
 import scala.concurrent.duration._
 
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/interaction/WithWater.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/interaction/WithWater.scala
index 674b6dbfb..73af2ad60 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/interaction/WithWater.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/interaction/WithWater.scala
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.interaction.{InteractionWi
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.interaction.common.Watery
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.interaction.common.Watery.OxygenStateTarget
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.{EnvironmentTrait, PieceOfEnvironment, interaction}
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.InteractsWithZone
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 import net.psforever.services.avatar.{AvatarAction, AvatarServiceMessage}
 import net.psforever.types.OxygenState
 
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/ballistics/InteractWithRadiationClouds.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/ballistics/InteractWithRadiationClouds.scala
index c0b5b39f0..19e18316d 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/ballistics/InteractWithRadiationClouds.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/ballistics/InteractWithRadiationClouds.scala
@@ -7,83 +7,38 @@ import net.psforever.objects.vital.Vitality
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.base.DamageResolution
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.etc.RadiationReason
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.interaction.DamageInteraction
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.blockmap.SectorPopulation
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.{InteractsWithZone, Zone, ZoneInteraction, ZoneInteractionType}
-import net.psforever.types.PlanetSideGUID
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.{InteractsWithZone, RadiationCloudInteraction, ZoneInteractionType}
 
 case object RadiationInteraction extends ZoneInteractionType
 
 /**
-  * This game entity may infrequently test whether it may interact with radiation cloud projectiles
-  * that may be emitted in the game environment for a limited amount of time.
-  */
+ * This game entity may infrequently test whether it may interact with radiation cloud projectiles
+ * that may be emitted in the game environment for a limited amount of time.
+ * Since the target entity is a player character, it gets tested for its interaction
+ */
 class InteractWithRadiationClouds(
                                    val range: Float,
                                    private val user: Option[Player]
-                                 ) extends ZoneInteraction {
-  /**
-    * radiation clouds that, though detected, are skipped from affecting the target;
-    * in between interaction tests, a memory of the clouds that were tested last are retained and
-    * are excluded from being tested this next time;
-    * clouds that are detected a second time are cleared from the list and are available to be tested next time
-    */
-  private var skipTargets: List[PlanetSideGUID] = List()
-
+                                 ) extends RadiationCloudInteraction {
   def Type: ZoneInteractionType = RadiationInteraction
 
-  /**
-    * Wander into a radiation cloud and suffer the consequences.
-    * @param sector the portion of the block map being tested
-    * @param target the fixed element in this test
-    */
-  def interaction(sector: SectorPopulation, target: InteractsWithZone): Unit = {
-    target match {
-      case t: Vitality =>
-        val position = target.Position
-        val targetList = List(target)
-        //collect all projectiles in sector/range
-        val projectiles = sector
-          .projectileList
-          .filter { cloud =>
-            val definition = cloud.Definition
-            val radius = definition.DamageRadius
-            definition.radiation_cloud &&
-              Zone.allOnSameSide(cloud, definition, targetList).nonEmpty &&
-              Zone.distanceCheck(target, cloud, radius * radius)
-          }
-          .distinct
-        val notSkipped = projectiles.filterNot { t => skipTargets.contains(t.GUID) }
-        skipTargets = notSkipped.map { _.GUID }
-        if (notSkipped.nonEmpty) {
-          //isolate one of each type of projectile
-          notSkipped
-            .foldLeft(Nil: List[Projectile]) {
-              (acc, next) => if (acc.exists { _.profile == next.profile }) acc else next :: acc
-            }
-            .foreach { projectile =>
-              t.Actor ! Vitality.Damage(
-                DamageInteraction(
-                  SourceEntry(target),
-                  RadiationReason(
-                    ProjectileQuality.modifiers(projectile, DamageResolution.Radiation, t, t.Position, user),
-                    t.DamageModel,
-                    0f
-                  ),
-                  position
-                ).calculate()
-              )
-            }
+  def performInteractionWithTarget(projectiles: List[Projectile], target: InteractsWithZone): Unit = {
+    if (projectiles.nonEmpty) {
+      val position = target.Position
+      projectiles
+        .foreach { projectile =>
+          target.Actor ! Vitality.Damage(
+            DamageInteraction(
+              SourceEntry(target),
+              RadiationReason(
+                ProjectileQuality.modifiers(projectile, DamageResolution.Radiation, target, target.Position, user),
+                target.DamageModel,
+                RadiationCloudInteraction.RadiationShieldingFrom(target)
+              ),
+              position
+            ).calculate()
+          )
         }
-      case _ => ;
     }
   }
-
-  /**
-    * Any radiation clouds blocked from being tested should be cleared.
-    * All that can be done is blanking our retained previous effect targets.
-    * @param target the fixed element in this test
-    */
-  def resetInteraction(target: InteractsWithZone): Unit = {
-    skipTargets = List()
-  }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/ce/InteractWithMines.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/ce/InteractWithMines.scala
index 9e7c66f83..2f4898b20 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/ce/InteractWithMines.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/ce/InteractWithMines.scala
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package net.psforever.objects.ce
 
 import net.psforever.objects.geometry.d3.VolumetricGeometry
 import net.psforever.objects.zones.blockmap.SectorPopulation
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.{InteractsWithZone, ZoneInteraction, ZoneInteractionType}
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.{InteractsWithZone, ZoneInteraction, ZoneInteractionType}
 import net.psforever.objects.{BoomerDeployable, ExplosiveDeployable}
 import net.psforever.types.PlanetSideGUID
 
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/ce/InteractWithTurrets.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/ce/InteractWithTurrets.scala
index acb6e031e..d75f2c536 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/ce/InteractWithTurrets.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/ce/InteractWithTurrets.scala
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ import net.psforever.objects.GlobalDefinitions
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.PlanetSideServerObject
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.turret.auto.{AutomatedTurret, AutomatedTurretBehavior}
 import net.psforever.objects.zones.blockmap.SectorPopulation
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.{InteractsWithZone, ZoneInteraction, ZoneInteractionType}
 import net.psforever.objects.sourcing.SourceUniqueness
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.{InteractsWithZone, ZoneInteraction, ZoneInteractionType}
 import net.psforever.types.Vector3
 
 case object TurretInteraction extends ZoneInteractionType
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/definition/ExoSuitDefinition.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/definition/ExoSuitDefinition.scala
index 3e80289f8..862523d2a 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/definition/ExoSuitDefinition.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/definition/ExoSuitDefinition.scala
@@ -135,6 +135,8 @@ class SpecialExoSuitDefinition(private val suitType: ExoSuitType.Value) extends
 
   override def Use: ExoSuitDefinition = {
     val obj = new SpecialExoSuitDefinition(SuitType)
+    obj.Name = Name
+    obj.Descriptor = Descriptor
     obj.Permissions = Permissions
     obj.MaxArmor = MaxArmor
     obj.MaxCapacitor = MaxCapacitor
@@ -150,6 +152,7 @@ class SpecialExoSuitDefinition(private val suitType: ExoSuitType.Value) extends
     obj.ResistanceDirectHit = ResistanceDirectHit
     obj.ResistanceSplash = ResistanceSplash
     obj.ResistanceAggravated = ResistanceAggravated
+    obj.RadiationShielding = RadiationShielding
     obj.DamageUsing = DamageUsing
     obj.ResistUsing = ResistUsing
     obj.Model = Model
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/equipment/EffectTarget.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/equipment/EffectTarget.scala
index 3a2ce3941..867db90a7 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/equipment/EffectTarget.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/equipment/EffectTarget.scala
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ object EffectTarget {
     * Arbitrary, but useful.
     */
   object Category extends Enumeration {
-    val Aircraft, Deployable, Equipment, Player, Turret, Vehicle = Value
+    val Aircraft, Deployable, Equipment, Player, Turret, Vehicle, All = Value
   }
 
   object Validation {
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ object EffectTarget {
     //noinspection ScalaUnusedSymbol
     def Invalid(target: PlanetSideGameObject): Boolean = false
 
+    //noinspection ScalaUnusedSymbol
+    def Valid(target: PlanetSideGameObject): Boolean = true
+
     def Medical(target: PlanetSideGameObject): Boolean = {
       target match {
         case p: Player =>
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/global/GlobalDefinitionsProjectile.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/global/GlobalDefinitionsProjectile.scala
index 28d34a5ca..737c114d2 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/global/GlobalDefinitionsProjectile.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/global/GlobalDefinitionsProjectile.scala
@@ -4,20 +4,14 @@ package net.psforever.objects.global
 import net.psforever.objects.GlobalDefinitions
 import net.psforever.objects.ballistics.{AggravatedDamage, AggravatedInfo, AggravatedTiming, ChargeDamage}
 import net.psforever.objects.definition.ProjectileDefinition
-import net.psforever.objects.definition.converter.{
-  LittleBuddyProjectileConverter,
-  ProjectileConverter,
-  RadiationCloudConverter
-}
+import net.psforever.objects.definition.converter.{LittleBuddyProjectileConverter, ProjectileConverter, RadiationCloudConverter}
 import net.psforever.objects.equipment.{ArmorSiphonRepairHost, EffectTarget, TargetValidation}
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.aura.Aura
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.base.DamageType
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.damage.{RadialDegrade, SameHit, StandardDamageProfile}
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.etc.{
   ArmorSiphonMaxDistanceCutoff,
-  ExplosionDamagesOnlyAbove,
-  InfantryAggravatedRadiation,
-  InfantryAggravatedRadiationBurn
+  ExplosionDamagesOnlyAbove
 }
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.projectile._
 
@@ -1053,6 +1047,9 @@ object GlobalDefinitionsProjectile {
     maelstrom_grenade_projectile.InitialVelocity = 30
     maelstrom_grenade_projectile.Lifespan = 2f
     maelstrom_grenade_projectile.DamageProxy = 464 //maelstrom_grenade_damager
+    maelstrom_grenade_projectile.DamageProxyOnDirectHit = List(
+      TargetValidation(EffectTarget.Category.All, EffectTarget.Validation.Valid)
+    )
     ProjectileDefinition.CalculateDerivedFields(maelstrom_grenade_projectile)
     maelstrom_grenade_projectile.Modifiers = SameHit
 
@@ -1068,6 +1065,9 @@ object GlobalDefinitionsProjectile {
     maelstrom_grenade_projectile_contact.InitialVelocity = 30
     maelstrom_grenade_projectile_contact.Lifespan = 15f
     maelstrom_grenade_projectile_contact.DamageProxy = 464 //maelstrom_grenade_damager
+    maelstrom_grenade_projectile_contact.DamageProxyOnDirectHit = List(
+      TargetValidation(EffectTarget.Category.All, EffectTarget.Validation.Valid)
+    )
     ProjectileDefinition.CalculateDerivedFields(maelstrom_grenade_projectile_contact)
     maelstrom_grenade_projectile_contact.Modifiers = SameHit
 
@@ -1529,7 +1529,7 @@ object GlobalDefinitionsProjectile {
     ProjectileDefinition.CalculateDerivedFields(quasar_projectile)
 
     radiator_cloud.Name = "radiator_cloud"
-    radiator_cloud.Damage0 = 1 //2
+    radiator_cloud.Damage0 = 2
     radiator_cloud.DamageAtEdge = 1.0f
     radiator_cloud.DamageRadius = 5f
     radiator_cloud.DamageToHealthOnly = true
@@ -1539,7 +1539,7 @@ object GlobalDefinitionsProjectile {
     //custom aggravated information
     radiator_cloud.ProjectileDamageTypeSecondary = DamageType.Aggravated
     radiator_cloud.Aggravated = AggravatedDamage(
-      AggravatedInfo(DamageType.Splash, 1f, 80),
+      AggravatedInfo(DamageType.Splash, 0f, 80),
       Aura.None,
       AggravatedTiming(250, 2),
       0f,
@@ -1552,12 +1552,7 @@ object GlobalDefinitionsProjectile {
     radiator_cloud.ExistsOnRemoteClients = true
     radiator_cloud.Packet = radCloudConverter
     //radiator_cloud.Geometry = GeometryForm.representProjectileBySphere()
-    radiator_cloud.Modifiers = List(
-      MaxDistanceCutoff,
-      InfantryAggravatedRadiation,
-      InfantryAggravatedRadiationBurn,
-      ShieldAgainstRadiation
-    )
+    radiator_cloud.Modifiers = MaxDistanceCutoff
 
     radiator_grenade_projectile.Name = "radiator_grenade_projectile" // Todo : Radiator damages ?
     radiator_grenade_projectile.GrenadeProjectile = true             //not really, but technically yes
@@ -1565,6 +1560,9 @@ object GlobalDefinitionsProjectile {
     radiator_grenade_projectile.InitialVelocity = 30
     radiator_grenade_projectile.Lifespan = 3f
     radiator_grenade_projectile.DamageProxy = 717 //radiator_cloud
+    radiator_grenade_projectile.DamageProxyOnDirectHit = List(
+      TargetValidation(EffectTarget.Category.Player, EffectTarget.Validation.Player)
+    )
     ProjectileDefinition.CalculateDerivedFields(radiator_grenade_projectile)
 
     radiator_sticky_projectile.Name = "radiator_sticky_projectile"
@@ -1574,6 +1572,9 @@ object GlobalDefinitionsProjectile {
     radiator_sticky_projectile.InitialVelocity = 30
     radiator_sticky_projectile.Lifespan = 4f
     radiator_sticky_projectile.DamageProxy = 717 //radiator_cloud
+    radiator_sticky_projectile.DamageProxyOnDirectHit = List(
+      TargetValidation(EffectTarget.Category.All, EffectTarget.Validation.Valid)
+    )
     ProjectileDefinition.CalculateDerivedFields(radiator_sticky_projectile)
 
     reaver_rocket_projectile.Name = "reaver_rocket_projectile"
@@ -2040,12 +2041,7 @@ object GlobalDefinitionsProjectile {
     aphelion_plasma_cloud.ExistsOnRemoteClients = true
     aphelion_plasma_cloud.Packet = radCloudConverter
     //aphelion_plasma_cloud.Geometry = GeometryForm.representProjectileBySphere()
-    aphelion_plasma_cloud.Modifiers = List( //TODO placeholder values
-      MaxDistanceCutoff,
-      InfantryAggravatedRadiation,
-      InfantryAggravatedRadiationBurn,
-      ShieldAgainstRadiation
-    )
+    aphelion_plasma_cloud.Modifiers = MaxDistanceCutoff
 
     aphelion_plasma_rocket_projectile.Name = "aphelion_plasma_rocket_projectile"
     //has property aggravated_damage_max_factor, but it's the aphelion_plasma_cloud that performs aggravated damage
@@ -2060,6 +2056,9 @@ object GlobalDefinitionsProjectile {
     aphelion_plasma_rocket_projectile.DamageRadius = 3f
     aphelion_plasma_rocket_projectile.ProjectileDamageType = DamageType.Splash
     //aphelion_plasma_rocket_projectile.DamageProxy = 96 //aphelion_plama_cloud
+    aphelion_plasma_rocket_projectile.DamageProxyOnDirectHit = List(
+      TargetValidation(EffectTarget.Category.All, EffectTarget.Validation.Valid)
+    )
     aphelion_plasma_rocket_projectile.InitialVelocity = 75
     aphelion_plasma_rocket_projectile.Lifespan = 5f
     ProjectileDefinition.CalculateDerivedFields(aphelion_plasma_rocket_projectile)
@@ -2225,6 +2224,9 @@ object GlobalDefinitionsProjectile {
     peregrine_particle_cannon_projectile.DamageRadius = 3f
     peregrine_particle_cannon_projectile.ProjectileDamageType = DamageType.Splash
     //peregrine_particle_cannon_projectile.DamageProxy = 655 //peregrine_particle_cannon_radiation_cloud
+    peregrine_particle_cannon_projectile.DamageProxyOnDirectHit = List(
+      TargetValidation(EffectTarget.Category.All, EffectTarget.Validation.Valid)
+    )
     peregrine_particle_cannon_projectile.InitialVelocity = 500
     peregrine_particle_cannon_projectile.Lifespan = .6f
     ProjectileDefinition.CalculateDerivedFields(peregrine_particle_cannon_projectile)
@@ -2243,10 +2245,7 @@ object GlobalDefinitionsProjectile {
     peregrine_particle_cannon_radiation_cloud.ExistsOnRemoteClients = true
     peregrine_particle_cannon_radiation_cloud.Packet = radCloudConverter
     //peregrine_particle_cannon_radiation_cloud.Geometry = GeometryForm.representProjectileBySphere()
-    peregrine_particle_cannon_radiation_cloud.Modifiers = List(
-      MaxDistanceCutoff,
-      ShieldAgainstRadiation
-    )
+    peregrine_particle_cannon_radiation_cloud.Modifiers = MaxDistanceCutoff
 
     peregrine_rocket_pod_projectile.Name = "peregrine_rocket_pod_projectile"
     peregrine_rocket_pod_projectile.Damage0 = 30
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/global/GlobalDefinitionsVehicle.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/global/GlobalDefinitionsVehicle.scala
index 50876dd42..f71e021e2 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/global/GlobalDefinitionsVehicle.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/global/GlobalDefinitionsVehicle.scala
@@ -1634,6 +1634,7 @@ object GlobalDefinitionsVehicle {
     droppod.Packet = new DroppodConverter()
     droppod.DeconstructionTime = Some(5 seconds)
     droppod.DestroyedModel = None //the adb calls out a droppod; the cyclic nature of this confounds me
+    droppod.RadiationShielding = 1.0f
     droppod.DamageUsing = DamageCalculations.AgainstAircraft
     droppod.DrownAtMaxDepth = false
     droppod.mass = 2500f
@@ -1667,6 +1668,7 @@ object GlobalDefinitionsVehicle {
     orbital_shuttle.Packet = new OrbitalShuttleConverter
     orbital_shuttle.DeconstructionTime = None
     orbital_shuttle.DestroyedModel = None
+    orbital_shuttle.RadiationShielding = 1.0f
     orbital_shuttle.DamageUsing = DamageCalculations.AgainstNothing
     orbital_shuttle.DrownAtMaxDepth = false
     orbital_shuttle.mass = 25000f
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/InteractWithEnvironment.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/InteractWithEnvironment.scala
index e3b6e6871..5c816415d 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/InteractWithEnvironment.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/InteractWithEnvironment.scala
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.PlanetSideServerObject
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.{EnvironmentTrait, PieceOfEnvironment}
 import net.psforever.objects.zones._
 import net.psforever.objects.zones.blockmap.{BlockMapEntity, SectorGroup, SectorPopulation}
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.{InteractsWithZone, ZoneInteraction, ZoneInteractionType}
 import net.psforever.types.Vector3
 
 import scala.collection.mutable
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/InteractionWith.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/InteractionWith.scala
index c0991fc26..04d5a72ef 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/InteractionWith.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/InteractionWith.scala
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.interaction
 
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.{EnvironmentTrait, PieceOfEnvironment}
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.InteractsWithZone
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 
 trait InteractionWith {
   def attribute: EnvironmentTrait
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/RespondsToZoneEnvironment.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/RespondsToZoneEnvironment.scala
index 30ed65b66..0762721e4 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/RespondsToZoneEnvironment.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/RespondsToZoneEnvironment.scala
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ package net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.interaction
 import akka.actor.{Actor, ActorRef, Cancellable}
 import net.psforever.objects.Default
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.EnvironmentTrait
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.InteractsWithZone
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 
 import scala.collection.mutable
 import scala.concurrent.duration.FiniteDuration
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/common/Watery.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/common/Watery.scala
index 2f7d06293..2d089817b 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/common/Watery.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/common/Watery.scala
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.PlanetSideServerObject
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.interaction.InteractWithEnvironment
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.interaction.common.Watery.OxygenStateTarget
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.{EnvironmentAttribute, EnvironmentTrait, PieceOfEnvironment}
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.InteractsWithZone
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 import net.psforever.types.{OxygenState, PlanetSideGUID}
 
 trait Watery {
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/common/WithDeath.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/common/WithDeath.scala
index 4e63d45ba..aca8c7535 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/common/WithDeath.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/common/WithDeath.scala
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import net.psforever.objects.sourcing.SourceEntry
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.etc.SuicideReason
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.interaction.DamageInteraction
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.{IncarnationActivity, Vitality}
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.InteractsWithZone
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 
 import scala.annotation.unused
 
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/common/WithMovementTrigger.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/common/WithMovementTrigger.scala
index 603c23657..0e1400f89 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/common/WithMovementTrigger.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/environment/interaction/common/WithMovementTrigger.scala
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.interaction.common
 
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment._
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.interaction.InteractionWith
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.InteractsWithZone
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 
 import scala.annotation.unused
 
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/interior/InteriorAware.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/interior/InteriorAware.scala
index f29e85874..3762a0082 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/interior/InteriorAware.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/interior/InteriorAware.scala
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package net.psforever.objects.serverobject.interior
 
 import net.psforever.objects.avatar.interaction.WithEntrance
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.interaction.InteractWithEnvironment
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.InteractsWithZone
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 
 import scala.annotation.unused
 
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity.scala
index 4c9064cce..6e404519c 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity.scala
@@ -8,91 +8,43 @@ import net.psforever.objects.vital.base.DamageResolution
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.etc.RadiationReason
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.interaction.DamageInteraction
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.resistance.StandardResistanceProfile
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.blockmap.SectorPopulation
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.{InteractsWithZone, Zone, ZoneInteraction}
-import net.psforever.types.PlanetSideGUID
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.{InteractsWithZone, RadiationCloudInteraction, ZoneInteractionType}
 
 /**
  * This game entity may infrequently test whether it may interact with radiation cloud projectiles
  * that may be emitted in the game environment for a limited amount of time.
- * Since the entity in question is a vehicle, the occupants of the vehicle get tested their interaction.
+ * Since the entity in question is mountable, its occupants get tested for their interaction.
  */
 class InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity(
                                                  private val obj: Mountable with StandardResistanceProfile,
                                                  val range: Float
-                                               ) extends ZoneInteraction {
-  /**
-   * radiation clouds that, though detected, are skipped from affecting the target;
-   * in between interaction tests, a memory of the clouds that were tested last are retained and
-   * are excluded from being tested this next time;
-   * clouds that are detected a second time are cleared from the list and are available to be tested next time
-   */
-  private var skipTargets: List[PlanetSideGUID] = List()
+                                               ) extends RadiationCloudInteraction {
+  def Type: ZoneInteractionType = RadiationInMountableInteraction
 
-  def Type: RadiationInMountableInteraction.type = RadiationInMountableInteraction
-
-  /**
-   * Drive into a radiation cloud and all the vehicle's occupants suffer the consequences.
-   * @param sector the portion of the block map being tested
-   * @param target the fixed element in this test
-   */
-  override def interaction(sector: SectorPopulation, target: InteractsWithZone): Unit = {
-    val position = target.Position
-    val targetList = List(target)
-    //collect all projectiles in sector/range
-    val projectiles = sector
-      .projectileList
-      .filter { cloud =>
-        val definition = cloud.Definition
-        val radius = definition.DamageRadius
-        definition.radiation_cloud &&
-          Zone.allOnSameSide(cloud, definition, targetList).nonEmpty &&
-          Zone.distanceCheck(target, cloud, radius * radius)
-      }
-      .distinct
-    val notSkipped = projectiles.filterNot { t => skipTargets.contains(t.GUID) }
-    skipTargets = notSkipped.map { _.GUID }
-    if (notSkipped.nonEmpty) {
-      (
-        //isolate one of each type of projectile
-        notSkipped
-          .foldLeft(Nil: List[Projectile]) {
-            (acc, next) => if (acc.exists { _.profile == next.profile }) acc else next :: acc
-          },
-        obj.Seats
-          .values
-          .collect { case seat => seat.occupant }
-          .flatten
-      ) match {
-        case (uniqueProjectiles, targets) if uniqueProjectiles.nonEmpty && targets.nonEmpty =>
-          val shielding = obj.RadiationShielding
-          targets.foreach { t =>
-            uniqueProjectiles.foreach { p =>
-              t.Actor ! Vitality.Damage(
-                DamageInteraction(
-                  SourceEntry(t),
-                  RadiationReason(
-                    ProjectileQuality.modifiers(p, DamageResolution.Radiation, t, t.Position, None),
-                    t.DamageModel,
-                    shielding
-                  ),
-                  position
-                ).calculate()
-              )
-            }
-          }
-        case _ => ()
+  def performInteractionWithTarget(projectiles: List[Projectile], target: InteractsWithZone): Unit = {
+    val mountedTargets = obj.Seats
+      .values
+      .collect { case seat => seat.occupant }
+      .flatten
+    if (projectiles.nonEmpty && mountedTargets.nonEmpty) {
+      val position = target.Position
+      val shielding = RadiationCloudInteraction.RadiationShieldingFrom(target)
+      mountedTargets
+        .flatMap(t => projectiles.map(p => (t, p)))
+        .foreach { case (t, p) =>
+          t.Actor ! Vitality.Damage(
+            DamageInteraction(
+              SourceEntry(t),
+              RadiationReason(
+                ProjectileQuality.modifiers(p, DamageResolution.Radiation, t, t.Position, None),
+                t.DamageModel,
+                shielding
+              ),
+              position
+            ).calculate()
+          )
       }
     }
   }
-
-  /**
-   * Any radiation clouds blocked from being tested should be cleared.
-   * All that can be done is blanking our retained previous effect targets.
-   * @param target the fixed element in this test
-   */
-  def resetInteraction(target: InteractsWithZone): Unit = {
-    skipTargets = List()
-  }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/RadiationInMountableInteraction.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/RadiationInMountableInteraction.scala
index 4a6093735..5d6f32ca1 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/RadiationInMountableInteraction.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/RadiationInMountableInteraction.scala
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 package net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount
 
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.ZoneInteractionType
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.ZoneInteractionType
 
 case object RadiationInMountableInteraction extends ZoneInteractionType
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/terminals/implant/ImplantTerminalMech.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/terminals/implant/ImplantTerminalMech.scala
index 1622650b5..d63b8070a 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/terminals/implant/ImplantTerminalMech.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/terminals/implant/ImplantTerminalMech.scala
@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
 package net.psforever.objects.serverobject.terminals.implant
 
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.hackable.Hackable
-import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.{Mountable, Seat}
+import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.{InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity, Mountable, Seat}
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.structures.Amenity
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.terminals.capture.CaptureTerminalAware
+import net.psforever.objects.vital.resistance.StandardResistanceProfile
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 import net.psforever.packet.game.TriggeredSound
 import net.psforever.types.Vector3
 
@@ -17,7 +19,10 @@ class ImplantTerminalMech(private val idef: ImplantTerminalMechDefinition)
     extends Amenity
     with Mountable
     with Hackable
+    with StandardResistanceProfile
+    with InteractsWithZone
     with CaptureTerminalAware {
+  interaction(new InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity(obj = this, range = 50f))
   seats = Map(0 -> new Seat(idef.Seats.head._2))
 
   HackSound = TriggeredSound.HackTerminal
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/turret/FacilityTurret.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/turret/FacilityTurret.scala
index b3e81d0a2..28d975950 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/turret/FacilityTurret.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/turret/FacilityTurret.scala
@@ -3,17 +3,23 @@ package net.psforever.objects.serverobject.turret
 
 import net.psforever.objects.equipment.JammableUnit
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.interior.Sidedness
+import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.structures.{Amenity, AmenityOwner, Building}
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.terminals.capture.CaptureTerminalAware
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.turret.auto.AutomatedTurret
 import net.psforever.objects.sourcing.SourceEntry
+import net.psforever.objects.vital.resistance.StandardResistanceProfile
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 import net.psforever.types.Vector3
 
 class FacilityTurret(tDef: FacilityTurretDefinition)
   extends Amenity
     with AutomatedTurret
+    with StandardResistanceProfile
     with JammableUnit
+    with InteractsWithZone
     with CaptureTerminalAware {
+  interaction(new InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity(obj = this, range = 100f))
   WeaponTurret.LoadDefinition(turret = this)
   WhichSide = Sidedness.OutsideOf
 
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/turret/auto/AutomatedTurretBehavior.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/turret/auto/AutomatedTurretBehavior.scala
index cd116dfd5..b9ef525ac 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/turret/auto/AutomatedTurretBehavior.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/turret/auto/AutomatedTurretBehavior.scala
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ import net.psforever.objects.sourcing.{PlayerSource, SourceEntry, SourceUniquene
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.Vitality
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.interaction.DamageResult
 import net.psforever.objects.zones.exp.ToDatabase
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.{InteractsWithZone, Zone}
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.Zone
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 import net.psforever.objects.{Default, PlanetSideGameObject, Player}
 import net.psforever.packet.game.{ChangeFireStateMessage_Start, ChangeFireStateMessage_Stop, ObjectDetectedMessage}
 import net.psforever.services.Service
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInVehicle.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInVehicle.scala
index fd5fdcd25..2a95e783d 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInVehicle.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInVehicle.scala
@@ -4,24 +4,24 @@ package net.psforever.objects.vehicles
 import net.psforever.objects.Vehicle
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.{InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity, RadiationInMountableInteraction}
 import net.psforever.objects.zones.blockmap.SectorPopulation
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.InteractsWithZone
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 
 /**
-  * This game entity may infrequently test whether it may interact with radiation cloud projectiles
-  * that may be emitted in the game environment for a limited amount of time.
-  * Since the entity in question is a vehicle, the occupants of the vehicle get tested their interaction.
-  */
+ * This game entity may infrequently test whether it may interact with radiation cloud projectiles
+ * that may be emitted in the game environment for a limited amount of time.
+ * Since the entity in question is a vehicle, the occupants of the vehicle's mounted vehicles get tested for their interaction.
+ */
 class InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInVehicle(
                                                   private val obj: Vehicle,
                                                   override val range: Float
                                                 ) extends InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity(obj, range) {
   /**
-    * Drive into a radiation cloud and all the vehicle's occupants suffer the consequences.
-    * @param sector the portion of the block map being tested
-    * @param target the fixed element in this test
-    */
+   * Drive into a radiation cloud and all the vehicle's occupants suffer the consequences.
+   * @param sector the portion of the block map being tested
+   * @param target the fixed element in this test
+   */
   override def interaction(sector: SectorPopulation, target: InteractsWithZone): Unit = {
-    super.interaction(sector, target)
+    super.interaction(sector, target) //vehicle is a mountable entity and must call down
     obj.CargoHolds
       .values
       .collect {
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInVehicle(
           target
             .interaction()
             .find(_.Type == RadiationInMountableInteraction)
-            .foreach(func => func.interaction(sector, target))
+            .foreach(func => func.interaction(sector, obj))
           }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/control/VehicleControl.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/control/VehicleControl.scala
index 64246df94..4fd8a9ce1 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/control/VehicleControl.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/control/VehicleControl.scala
@@ -288,11 +288,11 @@ class VehicleControl(vehicle: Vehicle)
   final def Enabled: Receive =
     commonEnabledBehavior
       .orElse {
-        case VehicleControl.RadiationTick =>
-          vehicle.interaction().find { _.Type == RadiationInMountableInteraction } match {
-            case Some(func) => func.interaction(vehicle.getInteractionSector, vehicle)
-            case _ => ()
-          }
+        case VehicleControl.RadiationTick if !passengerRadiationCloudTimer.isCancelled =>
+          vehicle
+            .interaction()
+            .find(_.Type == RadiationInMountableInteraction)
+            .foreach(_.interaction(vehicle.getInteractionSector, vehicle))
         case _ => ()
       }
 
@@ -355,13 +355,12 @@ class VehicleControl(vehicle: Vehicle)
   }
 
   def mountCleanup(mount_point: Int, user: Player): Unit = {
-    val obj = MountableObject
-    obj.PassengerInSeat(user) match {
-      case Some(seatNumber) =>
+    vehicle.PassengerInSeat(user) match {
+      case Some(0) => //driver seat
         val vsrc = VehicleSource(vehicle)
-        user.LogActivity(VehicleMountActivity(vsrc, PlayerSource.inSeat(user, vsrc, seatNumber), vehicle.Zone.Number))
+        user.LogActivity(VehicleMountActivity(vsrc, PlayerSource.inSeat(user, vsrc, seatNumber = 0), vehicle.Zone.Number))
         //if the driver mount, change ownership if that is permissible for this vehicle
-        if (seatNumber == 0 && !obj.OwnerName.contains(user.Name) && obj.Definition.CanBeOwned.nonEmpty) {
+        if (!vehicle.OwnerName.contains(user.Name) && vehicle.Definition.CanBeOwned.nonEmpty) {
           //whatever vehicle was previously owned
           vehicle.Zone.GUID(user.avatar.vehicle) match {
             case Some(v: Vehicle) =>
@@ -370,13 +369,24 @@ class VehicleControl(vehicle: Vehicle)
               user.avatar.vehicle = None
           }
           GainOwnership(user) //gain new ownership
-          passengerRadiationCloudTimer.cancel()
         } else {
           decaying = false
           decayTimer.cancel()
         }
+        passengerRadiationCloudTimer.cancel()
         updateZoneInteractionProgressUI(user)
-      case None => ;
+
+      case Some(seatNumber) => //literally any other seat
+        val vsrc = VehicleSource(vehicle)
+        user.LogActivity(VehicleMountActivity(vsrc, PlayerSource.inSeat(user, vsrc, seatNumber), vehicle.Zone.Number))
+        decaying = false
+        decayTimer.cancel()
+        if (!vehicle.Seats(0).isOccupied && passengerRadiationCloudTimer.isCancelled) {
+          StartRadiationSelfReporting()
+        }
+        updateZoneInteractionProgressUI(user)
+
+      case None => ()
     }
   }
 
@@ -390,19 +400,17 @@ class VehicleControl(vehicle: Vehicle)
 
   def dismountCleanup(seatBeingDismounted: Int, user: Player): Unit = {
     val obj = MountableObject
+    val allSeatsUnoccupied = !obj.Seats.values.exists(_.isOccupied)
     // Reset velocity to zero when driver dismounts, to allow jacking/repair if vehicle was moving slightly before dismount
     if (!obj.Seats(0).isOccupied) {
       obj.Velocity = Some(Vector3.Zero)
     }
-    if (seatBeingDismounted == 0) {
-      passengerRadiationCloudTimer = context.system.scheduler.scheduleWithFixedDelay(
-        250.milliseconds,
-        250.milliseconds,
-        self,
-        VehicleControl.RadiationTick
-      )
+    if (allSeatsUnoccupied) {
+      passengerRadiationCloudTimer.cancel()
+    } else if (seatBeingDismounted == 0) {
+      StartRadiationSelfReporting()
     }
-    if (!obj.Seats(seatBeingDismounted).isOccupied) { //seat was vacated
+    if (!obj.Seats(seatBeingDismounted).isOccupied) { //this seat really was vacated
       user.LogActivity(VehicleDismountActivity(VehicleSource(vehicle), PlayerSource(user), vehicle.Zone.Number))
       //we were only owning the vehicle while we sat in its driver seat
       val canBeOwned = obj.Definition.CanBeOwned
@@ -411,9 +419,9 @@ class VehicleControl(vehicle: Vehicle)
       }
       //are we already decaying? are we unowned? is no one seated anywhere?
       if (!decaying &&
-          obj.Definition.undergoesDecay &&
-          obj.OwnerGuid.isEmpty &&
-          obj.Seats.values.forall(!_.isOccupied)) {
+        obj.Definition.undergoesDecay &&
+        obj.OwnerGuid.isEmpty &&
+        allSeatsUnoccupied) {
         decaying = true
         decayTimer = context.system.scheduler.scheduleOnce(
           MountableObject.Definition.DeconstructionTime.getOrElse(5 minutes),
@@ -424,6 +432,16 @@ class VehicleControl(vehicle: Vehicle)
     }
   }
 
+  private def StartRadiationSelfReporting(): Unit = {
+    passengerRadiationCloudTimer.cancel()
+    passengerRadiationCloudTimer = context.system.scheduler.scheduleWithFixedDelay(
+      250.milliseconds,
+      250.milliseconds,
+      self,
+      VehicleControl.RadiationTick
+    )
+  }
+
   def PrepareForDisabled(kickPassengers: Boolean) : Unit = {
     val guid = vehicle.GUID
     val zone = vehicle.Zone
@@ -492,7 +510,7 @@ class VehicleControl(vehicle: Vehicle)
       case Some(_) =>
         decaying = false
         decayTimer.cancel()
-      case None => ;
+      case None => ()
     }
   }
 
@@ -507,9 +525,9 @@ class VehicleControl(vehicle: Vehicle)
               self.toString,
               AvatarAction.SendResponse(Service.defaultPlayerGUID, ObjectAttachMessage(obj.GUID, item.GUID, slot))
             )
-          case None => ;
+          case None =>  ()
         }
-      case _ => ;
+      case _ => ()
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/interaction/WithEntranceInVehicle.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/interaction/WithEntranceInVehicle.scala
index 75bf9749e..41eed6d99 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/interaction/WithEntranceInVehicle.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/interaction/WithEntranceInVehicle.scala
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import net.psforever.objects.Vehicle
 import net.psforever.objects.avatar.interaction.WithEntrance
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.doors.InteriorDoorPassage
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.PieceOfEnvironment
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.InteractsWithZone
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 
 class WithEntranceInVehicle
   extends WithEntrance() {
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/interaction/WithLava.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/interaction/WithLava.scala
index 1670c027f..1664c5b64 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/interaction/WithLava.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/interaction/WithLava.scala
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import net.psforever.objects.sourcing.SourceEntry
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.Vitality
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.environment.EnvironmentReason
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.interaction.DamageInteraction
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.InteractsWithZone
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 
 import scala.concurrent.duration._
 
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/interaction/WithWater.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/interaction/WithWater.scala
index 01208856a..1a32f9076 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/interaction/WithWater.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/interaction/WithWater.scala
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.interaction.common.Watery
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.interaction.common.Watery.OxygenStateTarget
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.{EnvironmentTrait, PieceOfEnvironment, interaction}
 import net.psforever.objects.vehicles.control.VehicleControl
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.InteractsWithZone
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 import net.psforever.types.OxygenState
 
 import scala.annotation.unused
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vital/environment/EnvironmentReason.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vital/environment/EnvironmentReason.scala
index c354ffb10..5abd3b011 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vital/environment/EnvironmentReason.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vital/environment/EnvironmentReason.scala
@@ -8,11 +8,12 @@ import net.psforever.objects.vital.damage.DamageCalculations
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.prop.DamageProperties
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.resolution.{DamageAndResistance, DamageResistanceModel}
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.{NoResistanceSelection, SimpleResolutions}
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.InteractsWithZone
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 
 /**
   * A wrapper for a "damage source" in damage calculations
   * that parameterizes information necessary to explain the environment being antagonistic.
+ *
   * @see `DamageCalculations`
   * @param body a representative of an element of the environment
   * @param against for the purposes of damage, what kind of target is being acted upon
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vital/projectile/ProjectileDamageModifierFunctions.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vital/projectile/ProjectileDamageModifierFunctions.scala
index 8d1541408..bfaf28484 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vital/projectile/ProjectileDamageModifierFunctions.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vital/projectile/ProjectileDamageModifierFunctions.scala
@@ -333,28 +333,6 @@ case object FlailDistanceDamageBoost extends ProjectileDamageModifiers.Mod {
   }
 }
 
-/**
-  * If the damge is caused by a projectile that emits a field that permeates armor,
-  * determine by how much the traversed armor's shielding reduces the damage.
-  * Infantry take damage, reduced only if one is equipped with a mechanized assault exo-suit.
-  */
-case object ShieldAgainstRadiation extends ProjectileDamageModifiers.Mod {
-  def calculate(damage: Int, data: DamageInteraction, cause: ProjectileReason): Int = {
-    if (data.resolution == DamageResolution.Radiation) {
-      data.target match {
-        case p: PlayerSource if p.ExoSuit == ExoSuitType.MAX =>
-          damage - (damage * p.Modifiers.RadiationShielding).toInt
-        case _: PlayerSource =>
-          damage
-        case _ =>
-          0
-      }
-    } else {
-      damage
-    }
-  }
-}
-
 /** The Cerberus turret can not target any entities besides flying vehicles.
   * An exception to this rule, however, happens when retaliating against something that damaged it first. */
 case object CerberusTurretWrongTarget extends ProjectileDamageModifiers.Mod {
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vital/prop/DamageProperties.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vital/prop/DamageProperties.scala
index 8051ce3b4..3e12bada4 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vital/prop/DamageProperties.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vital/prop/DamageProperties.scala
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 package net.psforever.objects.vital.prop
 
 import net.psforever.objects.ballistics.{AggravatedDamage, ChargeDamage}
-import net.psforever.objects.equipment.JammingUnit
+import net.psforever.objects.equipment.{JammingUnit, TargetValidation}
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.base.{DamageModifiers, DamageType}
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.damage.StandardDamageProfile
 
@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ trait DamageProperties
     * usually corresponding to a projectile;
     * also used to produce staged projectiles */
   private var damageProxy: List[Int]                   = Nil
+  /** damage proxies are expected to activate upon general detonation
+   * this damage proxy will also activate upon direct hit of these specific types of targets */
+  private var damageProxyOnDirectHit: List[TargetValidation] = Nil
   /** na;
     * currently used with jammer properties only;
     * used sepcifically to indicate jammering effect targets explosive deployables */
@@ -118,6 +121,18 @@ trait DamageProperties
     DamageProxy
   }
 
+  def DamageProxyOnDirectHit: List[TargetValidation] = damageProxyOnDirectHit
+
+  def DamageProxyOnDirectHit_=(elem: TargetValidation): List[TargetValidation] = {
+    damageProxyOnDirectHit = List(elem)
+    DamageProxyOnDirectHit
+  }
+
+  def DamageProxyOnDirectHit_=(list: List[TargetValidation]): List[TargetValidation] = {
+    damageProxyOnDirectHit = list
+    DamageProxyOnDirectHit
+  }
+
   def AdditionalEffect: Boolean = additionalEffect
 
   def AdditionalEffect_=(effect: Boolean): Boolean = {
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vital/resistance/StandardResistanceProfile.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vital/resistance/StandardResistanceProfile.scala
index 4c943c2ef..d01359495 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vital/resistance/StandardResistanceProfile.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vital/resistance/StandardResistanceProfile.scala
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ import net.psforever.objects.vital.damage.DamageProfile
   * based on the assumption that the implementing object's `Definition` is the primary `ResistanceProfile`.
   */
 trait StandardResistanceProfile extends ResistanceProfile {
-  this: PlanetSideGameObject =>
+  _: PlanetSideGameObject =>
   //actually check that this will work for this implementing class
-  assert(Definition.isInstanceOf[ResistanceProfile], s"$this object definition must extend ResistanceProfile")
+  assert(Definition.isInstanceOf[ResistanceProfile], s"${this.getClass.getSimpleName} object definition must extend ResistanceProfile")
   private val resistDef = Definition.asInstanceOf[ResistanceProfile] //cast only once
 
   def Subtract: DamageProfile = resistDef.Subtract
@@ -23,5 +23,5 @@ trait StandardResistanceProfile extends ResistanceProfile {
 
   def ResistanceAggravated: Int = resistDef.ResistanceDirectHit
 
-  def RadiationShielding: Float = resistDef.ResistanceDirectHit.toFloat
+  def RadiationShielding: Float = resistDef.RadiationShielding
 }
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/zones/InteractsWithZone.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/zones/interaction/InteractsWithZone.scala
similarity index 66%
rename from src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/zones/InteractsWithZone.scala
rename to src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/zones/interaction/InteractsWithZone.scala
index 4304a6514..b8b1bdd80 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/zones/InteractsWithZone.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/zones/interaction/InteractsWithZone.scala
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2021 PSForever
-package net.psforever.objects.zones
+package net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction
 
 import net.psforever.objects.definition.ObjectDefinition
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.PlanetSideServerObject
@@ -72,39 +72,3 @@ trait InteractsWithZone
 
   override def Definition: ObjectDefinition with VitalityDefinition
 }
-
-trait ZoneInteractionType
-
-/**
-  * The basic behavior of an entity in a zone.
-  * @see `InteractsWithZone`
-  * @see `Zone`
-  */
-trait ZoneInteraction {
-  /**
-    * A categorical descriptor for this interaction.
-    */
-  def Type: ZoneInteractionType
-
-  /**
-    * The anticipated (radial?) distance across which this interaction affects the zone's blockmap.
-    */
-  def range: Float
-
-  /**
-    * The method by which zone interactions are tested.
-    * How a target tests this interaction with elements of the target's zone.
-    * @param sector the portion of the block map being tested
-    * @param target the fixed element in this test
-    */
-  def interaction(sector: SectorPopulation, target: InteractsWithZone): Unit
-
-  /**
-    * Suspend any current interaction procedures.
-    * How the interactions are undone and stability restored to elements engaged with this target,
-    * even if only possible by small measure.
-    * Not all interactions can be reversed.
-    * @param target the fixed element in this test
-    */
-  def resetInteraction(target: InteractsWithZone): Unit
-}
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/zones/interaction/RadiationCloudInteraction.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/zones/interaction/RadiationCloudInteraction.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f296c094
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/zones/interaction/RadiationCloudInteraction.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021-2025 PSForever
+package net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction
+
+import net.psforever.objects.ballistics.Projectile
+import net.psforever.objects.definition.ProjectileDefinition
+import net.psforever.objects.vital.resistance.ResistanceProfile
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.Zone
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.blockmap.SectorPopulation
+
+/**
+ * This game entity may infrequently test whether it may interact with radiation cloud projectiles
+ * that may be emitted in the game environment for a limited amount of time.
+ */
+trait RadiationCloudInteraction extends ZoneInteraction {
+  /**
+   * radiation clouds that, though detected, are skipped from affecting the target;
+   * in between interaction tests, a memory of the clouds that were tested last are retained and
+   * are excluded from being tested this next time;
+   * clouds that are detected a second time are cleared from the list and are available to be tested next time
+   */
+  private var damageTypesToSkip: List[ProjectileDefinition] = List()
+
+  /**
+   * Wander into a radiation cloud and suffer the consequences.
+   * @param sector the portion of the block map being tested
+   * @param target the fixed element in this test
+   */
+  def interaction(sector: SectorPopulation, target: InteractsWithZone): Unit = {
+    performInteractionWithTarget(uniqueProjectileDamageToTargetInSector(sector, target), target)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Any radiation clouds blocked from being tested should be cleared.
+   * All that can be done is blanking our retained previous effect targets.
+   * @param target the fixed element in this test
+   */
+  def resetInteraction(target: InteractsWithZone): Unit = {
+    damageTypesToSkip = List()
+  }
+
+  private def uniqueProjectileDamageToTargetInSector(sector: SectorPopulation, target: InteractsWithZone): List[Projectile] = {
+    lazy val targetList = List(target)
+    val projectiles = sector
+      .projectileList
+      .filter { cloud =>
+        val definition = cloud.Definition
+        val radius = definition.DamageRadius
+        definition.radiation_cloud &&
+          Zone.allOnSameSide(cloud, definition, targetList).nonEmpty &&
+          Zone.distanceCheck(target, cloud, radius * radius)
+      }
+    val projectilesToUse = projectiles.filterNot(p => damageTypesToSkip.contains(p.profile)).distinctBy(_.profile)
+    damageTypesToSkip = projectilesToUse.map(_.profile)
+    projectilesToUse
+  }
+
+  def performInteractionWithTarget(projectiles: List[Projectile], target: InteractsWithZone): Unit
+}
+
+object RadiationCloudInteraction {
+  def RadiationShieldingFrom(target: InteractsWithZone): Float = {
+    target match {
+      case profile: ResistanceProfile => profile.RadiationShielding
+      case _ => 0f
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/zones/interaction/ZoneInteraction.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/zones/interaction/ZoneInteraction.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1ec9d876f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/zones/interaction/ZoneInteraction.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 PSForever
+package net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction
+
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.blockmap.SectorPopulation
+
+trait ZoneInteractionType
+
+/**
+ * The basic behavior of an entity in a zone.
+ * @see `InteractsWithZone`
+ * @see `Zone`
+ */
+trait ZoneInteraction {
+  /**
+   * A categorical descriptor for this interaction.
+   */
+  def Type: ZoneInteractionType
+
+  /**
+   * The anticipated (radial?) distance across which this interaction affects the zone's blockmap.
+   */
+  def range: Float
+
+  /**
+   * The method by which zone interactions are tested.
+   * How a target tests this interaction with elements of the target's zone.
+   * @param sector the portion of the block map being tested
+   * @param target the fixed element in this test
+   */
+  def interaction(sector: SectorPopulation, target: InteractsWithZone): Unit
+
+  /**
+   * Suspend any current interaction procedures.
+   * How the interactions are undone and stability restored to elements engaged with this target,
+   * even if only possible by small measure.
+   * Not all interactions can be reversed.
+   * @param target the fixed element in this test
+   */
+  def resetInteraction(target: InteractsWithZone): Unit
+}
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/services/local/support/CaptureFlagManager.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/services/local/support/CaptureFlagManager.scala
index 0760ac269..980a0f756 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/services/local/support/CaptureFlagManager.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/services/local/support/CaptureFlagManager.scala
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.interaction.InteractWithEn
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.llu.CaptureFlag
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.structures.{Building, WarpGate}
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.terminals.capture.CaptureTerminal
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.{InteractsWithZone, Zone}
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.Zone
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 import net.psforever.packet.game._
 import net.psforever.services.{Service, ServiceManager}
 import net.psforever.services.ServiceManager.{Lookup, LookupResult}
diff --git a/src/test/scala/objects/InteractsWithZoneEnvironmentTest.scala b/src/test/scala/objects/InteractsWithZoneEnvironmentTest.scala
index 19bd9eeba..6528684c2 100644
--- a/src/test/scala/objects/InteractsWithZoneEnvironmentTest.scala
+++ b/src/test/scala/objects/InteractsWithZoneEnvironmentTest.scala
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.aura.{Aura, AuraEffectBehavior}
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment._
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.interaction.RespondsToZoneEnvironment
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.Vitality
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.{InteractsWithZone, Zone, ZoneMap}
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.{Zone, ZoneMap}
 import net.psforever.types.{CharacterSex, CharacterVoice, PlanetSideEmpire, PlanetSideGUID, Vector3}
 
 import scala.concurrent.duration._