diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/normal/MountHandlerLogic.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/normal/MountHandlerLogic.scala
index 86e42e942..ae8399757 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/normal/MountHandlerLogic.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/normal/MountHandlerLogic.scala
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import net.psforever.objects.{GlobalDefinitions, PlanetSideGameObject, Player, V
 import net.psforever.objects.definition.{BasicDefinition, ObjectDefinition}
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.affinity.FactionAffinity
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.interaction.ResetAllEnvironmentInteractions
-import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.hackable.GenericHackables
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.Mountable
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.structures.WarpGate
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.terminals.implant.ImplantTerminalMech
@@ -105,7 +104,8 @@ class MountHandlerLogic(val ops: SessionMountHandlers, implicit val context: Act
         ops.MountingAction(tplayer, obj, seatNumber)
 
       case Mountable.CanMount(obj: Vehicle, seatNumber, _)
-        if seatNumber == 0 && obj.Definition.MaxCapacitor > 0 =>
+        if seatNumber == 0 &&
+          obj.Definition.MaxCapacitor > 0 =>
         log.info(s"${player.Name} mounts the driver seat of the ${obj.Definition.Name}")
         sessionLogic.zoning.CancelZoningProcessWithDescriptiveReason("cancel_mount")
         val obj_guid: PlanetSideGUID = obj.GUID
@@ -134,13 +134,9 @@ class MountHandlerLogic(val ops: SessionMountHandlers, implicit val context: Act
         ops.MountingAction(tplayer, obj, seatNumber)
 
       case Mountable.CanMount(obj: Vehicle, seatNumber, _)
-        if obj.Definition.MaxCapacitor > 0 =>
-        log.info(s"${player.Name} mounts ${
-          obj.SeatPermissionGroup(seatNumber) match {
-            case Some(seatType) => s"a $seatType seat (#$seatNumber)"
-            case None => "a seat"
-          }
-        } of the ${obj.Definition.Name}")
+        if obj.Definition.MaxCapacitor > 0 &&
+          obj.SeatPermissionGroup(seatNumber).contains(AccessPermissionGroup.Gunner) =>
+        log.info(s"${player.Name} mounts the #$seatNumber gunner seat of the ${obj.Definition.Name}")
         sessionLogic.zoning.CancelZoningProcessWithDescriptiveReason("cancel_mount")
         val obj_guid: PlanetSideGUID = obj.GUID
         sessionLogic.terminals.CancelAllProximityUnits()
@@ -149,17 +145,26 @@ class MountHandlerLogic(val ops: SessionMountHandlers, implicit val context: Act
         sendResponse(PlanetsideAttributeMessage(obj_guid, attribute_type=113, obj.Capacitor))
         sessionLogic.general.accessContainer(obj)
         ops.updateWeaponAtSeatPosition(obj, seatNumber)
-        sessionLogic.keepAliveFunc = sessionLogic.keepAlivePersistenceFunc
         tplayer.Actor ! ResetAllEnvironmentInteractions
         ops.MountingAction(tplayer, obj, seatNumber)
 
-      case Mountable.CanMount(obj: Vehicle, seatNumber, _) =>
-        log.info(s"${player.Name} mounts the ${
-          obj.SeatPermissionGroup(seatNumber) match {
-            case Some(seatType) => s"a $seatType seat (#$seatNumber)"
-            case None => "a seat"
-          }
-        } of the ${obj.Definition.Name}")
+      case Mountable.CanMount(obj: Vehicle, seatNumber, _)
+        if obj.Definition.MaxCapacitor > 0 =>
+        log.info(s"${player.Name} mounts the #$seatNumber seat of the ${obj.Definition.Name}")
+        sessionLogic.zoning.CancelZoningProcessWithDescriptiveReason("cancel_mount")
+        val obj_guid: PlanetSideGUID = obj.GUID
+        sessionLogic.terminals.CancelAllProximityUnits()
+        sendResponse(PlanetsideAttributeMessage(obj_guid, attribute_type=0, obj.Health))
+        sendResponse(PlanetsideAttributeMessage(obj_guid, obj.Definition.shieldUiAttribute, obj.Shields))
+        sendResponse(PlanetsideAttributeMessage(obj_guid, attribute_type=113, obj.Capacitor))
+        sessionLogic.general.accessContainer(obj)
+        tplayer.Actor ! ResetAllEnvironmentInteractions
+        ops.MountingAction(tplayer, obj, seatNumber)
+        sessionLogic.keepAliveFunc = sessionLogic.keepAlivePersistenceFunc
+
+      case Mountable.CanMount(obj: Vehicle, seatNumber, _)
+        if obj.SeatPermissionGroup(seatNumber).contains(AccessPermissionGroup.Gunner) =>
+        log.info(s"${player.Name} mounts the #$seatNumber gunner seat of the ${obj.Definition.Name}")
         sessionLogic.zoning.CancelZoningProcessWithDescriptiveReason("cancel_mount")
         val obj_guid: PlanetSideGUID = obj.GUID
         sessionLogic.terminals.CancelAllProximityUnits()
@@ -167,10 +172,21 @@ class MountHandlerLogic(val ops: SessionMountHandlers, implicit val context: Act
         sendResponse(PlanetsideAttributeMessage(obj_guid, obj.Definition.shieldUiAttribute, obj.Shields))
         sessionLogic.general.accessContainer(obj)
         ops.updateWeaponAtSeatPosition(obj, seatNumber)
-        sessionLogic.keepAliveFunc = sessionLogic.keepAlivePersistenceFunc
         tplayer.Actor ! ResetAllEnvironmentInteractions
         ops.MountingAction(tplayer, obj, seatNumber)
 
+      case Mountable.CanMount(obj: Vehicle, seatNumber, _) =>
+        log.info(s"${player.Name} mounts the #$seatNumber seat of the ${obj.Definition.Name}")
+        sessionLogic.zoning.CancelZoningProcessWithDescriptiveReason("cancel_mount")
+        val obj_guid: PlanetSideGUID = obj.GUID
+        sessionLogic.terminals.CancelAllProximityUnits()
+        sendResponse(PlanetsideAttributeMessage(obj_guid, attribute_type=0, obj.Health))
+        sendResponse(PlanetsideAttributeMessage(obj_guid, obj.Definition.shieldUiAttribute, obj.Shields))
+        sessionLogic.general.accessContainer(obj)
+        tplayer.Actor ! ResetAllEnvironmentInteractions
+        ops.MountingAction(tplayer, obj, seatNumber)
+        sessionLogic.keepAliveFunc = sessionLogic.keepAlivePersistenceFunc
+
       case Mountable.CanMount(obj: FacilityTurret, seatNumber, _)
         if obj.Definition == GlobalDefinitions.vanu_sentry_turret =>
         log.info(s"${player.Name} mounts the ${obj.Definition.Name}")
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/normal/VehicleLogic.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/normal/VehicleLogic.scala
index 77d3a99fa..9d7d436fd 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/normal/VehicleLogic.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/normal/VehicleLogic.scala
@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@ import akka.actor.{ActorContext, typed}
 import net.psforever.actors.session.AvatarActor
 import net.psforever.actors.session.support.{SessionData, VehicleFunctions, VehicleOperations}
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.PlanetSideServerObject
-import net.psforever.objects.{Vehicle, Vehicles}
+import net.psforever.objects.{PlanetSideGameObject, Vehicle, Vehicles}
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.deploy.Deployment
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.Mountable
 import net.psforever.objects.vehicles.control.BfrFlight
 import net.psforever.objects.zones.Zone
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 import net.psforever.packet.game.{ChatMsg, ChildObjectStateMessage, DeployRequestMessage, FrameVehicleStateMessage, VehicleStateMessage, VehicleSubStateMessage}
 import net.psforever.services.vehicle.{VehicleAction, VehicleServiceMessage}
 import net.psforever.types.{ChatMessageType, DriveState, Vector3}
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ class VehicleLogic(val ops: VehicleOperations, implicit val context: ActorContex
           )
         )
         sessionLogic.squad.updateSquad()
-        obj.zoneInteractions()
+        VehicleOperations.updateMountableZoneInteractionFromEarliestSeat(obj, player)
       case (None, _) =>
       //log.error(s"VehicleState: no vehicle $vehicle_guid found in zone")
       //TODO placing a "not driving" warning here may trigger as we are disembarking the vehicle
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ class VehicleLogic(val ops: VehicleOperations, implicit val context: ActorContex
             obj.Velocity = None
             obj.Flying = None
           }
-          obj.zoneInteractions()
+          VehicleOperations.updateMountableZoneInteractionFromEarliestSeat(obj, player)
         } else {
           obj.Velocity = None
           obj.Flying = None
@@ -216,9 +217,16 @@ class VehicleLogic(val ops: VehicleOperations, implicit val context: ActorContex
       case Some(mount: Mountable) => (o, mount.PassengerInSeat(player))
       case _                      => (None, None)
     }) match {
-      case (None, None) | (_, None) | (Some(_: Vehicle), Some(0)) =>
+      case (None, _) | (_, None) => //error - we do not recognize being mounted or controlling anything, but what can we do about it?
         ()
-      case _ =>
+      case (Some(_: Vehicle), Some(0)) => //no (see: VSM or FVSM for valid cases)
+        ()
+      case (Some(entity: PlanetSideGameObject with InteractsWithZone), Some(_)) => //yes
+        sessionLogic.zoning.spawn.tryQueuedActivity() //todo conditionals?
+        sessionLogic.persist()
+        sessionLogic.turnCounterFunc(player.GUID)
+        VehicleOperations.updateMountableZoneInteractionFromEarliestSeat(entity, player)
+      case _ => //yes
         sessionLogic.zoning.spawn.tryQueuedActivity() //todo conditionals?
         sessionLogic.persist()
         sessionLogic.turnCounterFunc(player.GUID)
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/support/SessionData.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/support/SessionData.scala
index 44769b870..3e8405940 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/support/SessionData.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/support/SessionData.scala
@@ -467,6 +467,11 @@ class SessionData(
     persist()
     if (player.HasGUID) {
       turnCounterFunc(player.GUID)
+      continent
+        .GUID(player.VehicleSeated)
+        .foreach {
+          VehicleOperations.updateMountableZoneInteractionFromEarliestSeat(_, player)
+        }
     } else {
       turnCounterFunc(PlanetSideGUID(0))
     }
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/support/VehicleOperations.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/support/VehicleOperations.scala
index a9f4dc2e8..a1fdd87ae 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/support/VehicleOperations.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/support/VehicleOperations.scala
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.deploy.Deployment
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.Mountable
 import net.psforever.objects.zones.Zone
 import net.psforever.objects._
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 import net.psforever.packet.game.{ChildObjectStateMessage, DeployRequestMessage, VehicleSubStateMessage, _}
 import net.psforever.types.DriveState
 
@@ -195,3 +196,56 @@ class VehicleOperations(
     sendResponse(pkt)
   }
 }
+
+object VehicleOperations {
+  def updateMountableZoneInteractionFromEarliestSeat(obj: PlanetSideGameObject, passenger: Player): Unit = {
+    obj match {
+      case obj: Vehicle =>
+        updateVehicleZoneInteractionFromEarliestSeat(obj, passenger)
+      case obj: Mountable with InteractsWithZone =>
+        updateEntityZoneInteractionFromEarliestSeat(obj, passenger, obj)
+      case _ => ()
+    }
+  }
+
+  private def updateVehicleZoneInteractionFromEarliestSeat(obj: Vehicle, passenger: Player): Unit = {
+    //vehicle being ferried; check if the ferry has occupants that might have speaking rights before us
+    var targetVehicle = obj
+    val carrierSeatVacancy: Boolean = obj match {
+      case v if v.MountedIn.nonEmpty =>
+        obj.Zone.GUID(v.MountedIn) match {
+          case Some(carrier: Vehicle) =>
+            targetVehicle = carrier
+            !carrier.Seats.values.exists(_.isOccupied)
+          case _ =>
+            true
+        }
+      case  _ => true
+    }
+    if (carrierSeatVacancy) {
+      updateEntityZoneInteractionFromEarliestSeat(obj, passenger, targetVehicle)
+    }
+  }
+
+  private def updateEntityZoneInteractionFromEarliestSeat(
+                                                           obj: Mountable with InteractsWithZone,
+                                                           passenger: Player,
+                                                           updateTarget: InteractsWithZone
+                                                         ): Unit = {
+    val inSeatNumberOpt = obj.PassengerInSeat(passenger)
+    if (inSeatNumberOpt.contains(0)) {
+      //we're responsible as the primary operator
+      updateTarget.zoneInteractions()
+    } else if (!obj.Seat(seatNumber = 0).exists(_.isOccupied)) {
+      //there is no primary operator; are we responsible?
+      //determine if we are the player in the seat closest to the "front"
+      val noPlayersInEarlierSeats = inSeatNumberOpt
+        .exists { seatIndex =>
+          !(1 until seatIndex).exists { i => obj.Seat(i).exists(_.isOccupied) }
+        }
+      if (noPlayersInEarlierSeats) {
+        updateTarget.zoneInteractions()
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/support/ZoningOperations.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/support/ZoningOperations.scala
index d67de9261..60d27e123 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/support/ZoningOperations.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/actors/session/support/ZoningOperations.scala
@@ -1930,7 +1930,7 @@ class ZoningOperations(
     /** Upstream message counter<br>
      * Checks for server acknowledgement of the following messages in the following conditions:<br>
      * `PlayerStateMessageUpstream` (infantry)<br>
-     * `VehicleStateMessage` (driver mount only)<br>
+     * `VehicleStateMessage` and `FrameVehicleStateMessage` (driver mount)<br>
      * `ChildObjectStateMessage` (any gunner mount that is not the driver)<br>
      * `KeepAliveMessage` (any passenger mount that is not the driver)<br>
      * As they should arrive roughly every 250 milliseconds this allows for a very crude method of scheduling tasks up to four times per second
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/TurretDeployable.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/TurretDeployable.scala
index 5d385f072..f21f74707 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/TurretDeployable.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/TurretDeployable.scala
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import net.psforever.objects.guid.{GUIDTask, TaskWorkflow}
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.affinity.FactionAffinityBehavior
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.damage.Damageable
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.hackable.Hackable
-import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.{InteractWithForceDomeProtectionSeatedInEntity, InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity}
+import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.interaction.{InteractWithForceDomeProtectionSeatedInEntity, InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity}
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.turret.auto.{AffectedByAutomaticTurretFire, AutomatedTurret}
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.turret.{TurretControl, TurretDefinition, WeaponTurret}
 import net.psforever.objects.sourcing.{PlayerSource, SourceEntry}
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/Vehicle.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/Vehicle.scala
index 122618c39..60ef15996 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/Vehicle.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/Vehicle.scala
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.hackable.Hackable
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.interior.{InteriorAwareFromInteraction, Sidedness}
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.structures.AmenityOwner
 import net.psforever.objects.vehicles._
-import net.psforever.objects.vehicles.interaction.{InteractWithForceDomeProtectionSeatedInVehicle, TriggerOnVehicleRule, WithLava, WithWater}
+import net.psforever.objects.vehicles.interaction.{InteractWithForceDomeProtectionSeatedInVehicle, InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInVehicle, TriggerOnVehicleRule, WithLava, WithWater}
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.resistance.StandardResistanceProfile
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.Vitality
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.resolution.DamageResistanceModel
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/interaction/InteractWithForceDomeProtection.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/interaction/InteractWithForceDomeProtection.scala
index 66b92688d..c2365a224 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/interaction/InteractWithForceDomeProtection.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/avatar/interaction/InteractWithForceDomeProtection.scala
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ package net.psforever.objects.avatar.interaction
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.damage.Damageable
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.dome.{ForceDomeControl, ForceDomePhysics}
 import net.psforever.objects.zones.blockmap.SectorPopulation
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.{InteractsWithZone, ZoneInteraction, ZoneInteractionType}
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.{InteractsWithZone, ZoneInteraction, ZoneInteractionType}
 
 case object ForceZoneProtection extends ZoneInteractionType
 
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/damage/Damageable.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/damage/Damageable.scala
index b6da16d55..976ea1b2c 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/damage/Damageable.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/damage/Damageable.scala
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ trait Damageable {
     * cite the `originalTakesDamage` protocol during inheritance overrides */
   val takesDamage: Receive = {
     case Damageable.MakeVulnerable =>
-      isVulnerable = false
+      isVulnerable = true
 
     case Damageable.MakeInvulnerable =>
-      isVulnerable = true
+      isVulnerable = false
 
     case Vitality.Damage(damage_func) =>
       val obj = DamageableObject
@@ -47,14 +47,14 @@ trait Damageable {
   /** a duplicate of the core implementation for the default mixin hook, for use in overriding */
   final val originalTakesDamage: Receive = {
     case Damageable.MakeVulnerable =>
-      isVulnerable = false
+      isVulnerable = true
 
     case Damageable.MakeInvulnerable =>
-      isVulnerable = true
+      isVulnerable = false
 
     case Vitality.Damage(damage_func) =>
       val obj = DamageableObject
-      if (obj.CanDamage) {
+      if (isVulnerable && obj.CanDamage) {
         PerformDamage(obj, damage_func)
       }
   }
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/hackable/GenericHackables.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/hackable/GenericHackables.scala
index c7c598d8d..b52f4afd6 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/hackable/GenericHackables.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/hackable/GenericHackables.scala
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import net.psforever.services.Service
 import net.psforever.services.avatar.{AvatarAction, AvatarServiceMessage}
 import net.psforever.services.local.{LocalAction, LocalServiceMessage}
 
+import scala.annotation.unused
 import scala.util.{Failure, Success}
 
 object GenericHackables {
@@ -49,6 +50,8 @@ object GenericHackables {
     }
   }
 
+  private def DontStopHackAttempt(@unused target: PlanetSideServerObject, @unused hacker: Player): Boolean = false
+
   /**
    * Evaluate the progress of the user applying a tool to modify some server object.
    * This action is using the remote electronics kit to convert an enemy unit into an allied unit, primarily.
@@ -62,6 +65,7 @@ object GenericHackables {
    * @param target the object being affected
    * @param tool_guid the tool being used to affest the object
    * @param progress the current progress value
+   * @param additionalCancellationTests context-specific tests for hack continuation
    * @return `true`, if the next cycle of progress should occur;
    *         `false`, otherwise
    */
@@ -70,7 +74,7 @@ object GenericHackables {
                          hacker: Player,
                          target: PlanetSideServerObject,
                          tool_guid: PlanetSideGUID,
-                         additionalCancellationTests: (PlanetSideServerObject, Player) => Boolean = ForceDomeProtectsFromHacking
+                         additionalCancellationTests: (PlanetSideServerObject, Player) => Boolean
                        )(
     progress: Float
   ): Boolean = {
@@ -93,6 +97,30 @@ object GenericHackables {
     )
     progressState != HackState.Cancelled
   }
+  /**
+   * Evaluate the progress of the user applying a tool to modify some server object.
+   * This action is using the remote electronics kit to convert an enemy unit into an allied unit, primarily.
+   * The act of transforming allied units of one kind into allied units of another kind (facility turret upgrades)
+   * is also governed by this action per tick of progress.
+   * @param progressType 1 - remote electronics kit hack (various ...);
+   *                     2 - nano dispenser (upgrade canister) turret upgrade
+   * @param hacker the player performing the action
+   * @param target the object being affected
+   * @param tool_guid the tool being used to affest the object
+   * @param progress the current progress value
+   * @return `true`, if the next cycle of progress should occur;
+   *         `false`, otherwise
+   */
+  def HackingTickAction(
+                         progressType: HackState1,
+                         hacker: Player,
+                         target: PlanetSideServerObject,
+                         tool_guid: PlanetSideGUID
+                       )(
+                         progress: Float
+                       ): Boolean = {
+    HackingTickAction(progressType, hacker, target, tool_guid, DontStopHackAttempt)(progress)
+  }
 
   /**
    * The force dome prevents hacking if its protection has been declared over a capitol.
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/InteractWithForceDomeProtectionSeatedInEntity.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/interaction/InteractWithForceDomeProtectionSeatedInEntity.scala
similarity index 84%
rename from src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/InteractWithForceDomeProtectionSeatedInEntity.scala
rename to src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/interaction/InteractWithForceDomeProtectionSeatedInEntity.scala
index 2dddc5ba0..272c31c43 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/InteractWithForceDomeProtectionSeatedInEntity.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/interaction/InteractWithForceDomeProtectionSeatedInEntity.scala
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2025 PSForever
-package net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount
+package net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.interaction
 
 import net.psforever.objects.avatar.interaction.InteractWithForceDomeProtection
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.damage.Damageable
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.dome.ForceDomePhysics
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.InteractsWithZone
+import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.Mountable
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 
 class InteractWithForceDomeProtectionSeatedInEntity
 extends InteractWithForceDomeProtection {
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/interaction/InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity.scala
similarity index 94%
rename from src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity.scala
rename to src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/interaction/InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity.scala
index 6e404519c..29a0b2f97 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/interaction/InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity.scala
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2024 PSForever
-package net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount
+package net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.interaction
 
 import net.psforever.objects.ballistics.{Projectile, ProjectileQuality}
+import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.Mountable
 import net.psforever.objects.sourcing.SourceEntry
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.Vitality
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.base.DamageResolution
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/RadiationInMountableInteraction.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/interaction/RadiationInMountableInteraction.scala
similarity index 69%
rename from src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/RadiationInMountableInteraction.scala
rename to src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/interaction/RadiationInMountableInteraction.scala
index 5d6f32ca1..98c6b0336 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/RadiationInMountableInteraction.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/mount/interaction/RadiationInMountableInteraction.scala
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount
+package net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.interaction
 
 import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.ZoneInteractionType
 
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/terminals/implant/ImplantTerminalMech.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/terminals/implant/ImplantTerminalMech.scala
index d63b8070a..ed0f38e8e 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/terminals/implant/ImplantTerminalMech.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/terminals/implant/ImplantTerminalMech.scala
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 package net.psforever.objects.serverobject.terminals.implant
 
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.hackable.Hackable
-import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.{InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity, Mountable, Seat}
+import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.interaction.InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity
+import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.{Mountable, Seat}
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.structures.Amenity
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.terminals.capture.CaptureTerminalAware
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.resistance.StandardResistanceProfile
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/turret/FacilityTurret.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/turret/FacilityTurret.scala
index 699fdccee..118fca04e 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/turret/FacilityTurret.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/serverobject/turret/FacilityTurret.scala
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package net.psforever.objects.serverobject.turret
 
 import net.psforever.objects.equipment.JammableUnit
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.interior.Sidedness
-import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity
+import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.interaction.InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.structures.{Amenity, AmenityOwner, Building}
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.terminals.capture.CaptureTerminalAware
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.turret.auto.AutomatedTurret
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/CargoBehavior.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/CargoBehavior.scala
index dec138367..d90baa787 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/CargoBehavior.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/CargoBehavior.scala
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ trait CargoBehavior {
     val zone = obj.Zone
     zone.GUID(isMounting) match {
       case Some(v : Vehicle) => v.Actor ! CargoBehavior.EndCargoMounting(obj.GUID)
-      case _ => ;
+      case _ => ()
     }
     isMounting = None
     zone.GUID(isDismounting) match {
       case Some(v: Vehicle) => v.Actor ! CargoBehavior.EndCargoDismounting(obj.GUID)
-      case _ => ;
+      case _ => ()
     }
     isDismounting = None
     startCargoDismountingNoCleanup(bailed = false)
@@ -38,14 +38,10 @@ trait CargoBehavior {
       startCargoDismounting(bailed)
 
     case CargoBehavior.EndCargoMounting(carrier_guid) =>
-      if (isMounting.contains(carrier_guid)) {
-        isMounting = None
-      }
+      endCargoMounting(carrier_guid)
 
     case CargoBehavior.EndCargoDismounting(carrier_guid) =>
-      if (isDismounting.contains(carrier_guid)) {
-        isDismounting = None
-      }
+      endCargoDismounting(carrier_guid)
   }
 
   def startCargoMounting(carrier_guid: PlanetSideGUID, mountPoint: Int): Unit = {
@@ -84,6 +80,18 @@ trait CargoBehavior {
       }
       .nonEmpty
   }
+
+  def endCargoMounting(carrierGuid: PlanetSideGUID): Unit = {
+    if (isMounting.contains(carrierGuid)) {
+      isMounting = None
+    }
+  }
+
+  def endCargoDismounting(carrierGuid: PlanetSideGUID): Unit = {
+    if (isDismounting.contains(carrierGuid)) {
+      isDismounting = None
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 object CargoBehavior {
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/control/CargoCarrierControl.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/control/CargoCarrierControl.scala
index a8028d017..5892d974f 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/control/CargoCarrierControl.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/control/CargoCarrierControl.scala
@@ -14,7 +14,16 @@ import net.psforever.objects.vital.interaction.DamageResult
 class CargoCarrierControl(vehicle: Vehicle)
   extends VehicleControl(vehicle)
     with CarrierBehavior {
-  def CarrierObject = vehicle
+  def CarrierObject: Vehicle = vehicle
+
+  override def TestToStartSelfReporting(): Boolean = {
+    super.TestToStartSelfReporting() &&
+      !CarrierObject
+        .CargoHolds
+        .values
+        .flatMap(_.occupants)
+        .exists(_.Seats.values.exists(_.isOccupied))
+  }
 
   override def postStop() : Unit = {
     super.postStop()
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/control/VehicleControl.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/control/VehicleControl.scala
index 4fd8a9ce1..d7b745a86 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/control/VehicleControl.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/control/VehicleControl.scala
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment._
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.interaction.common.Watery
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.environment.interaction.{InteractWithEnvironment, RespondsToZoneEnvironment}
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.hackable.GenericHackables
-import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.{Mountable, MountableBehavior, RadiationInMountableInteraction}
+import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.{Mountable, MountableBehavior}
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.repair.RepairableVehicle
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.structures.WarpGate
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.terminals.Terminal
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import net.psforever.objects.vehicles.interaction.WithWater
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.interaction.DamageResult
 import net.psforever.objects.vital.{DamagingActivity, InGameActivity, ShieldCharge, SpawningActivity, VehicleDismountActivity, VehicleMountActivity}
 import net.psforever.objects.zones._
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.IndependentZoneInteraction
 import net.psforever.packet.PlanetSideGamePacket
 import net.psforever.packet.game._
 import net.psforever.packet.game.objectcreate.ObjectCreateMessageParent
@@ -63,7 +64,8 @@ class VehicleControl(vehicle: Vehicle)
     with AggravatedBehavior
     with RespondsToZoneEnvironment
     with CargoBehavior
-    with AffectedByAutomaticTurretFire {
+    with AffectedByAutomaticTurretFire
+    with IndependentZoneInteraction {
   //make control actors belonging to utilities when making control actor belonging to vehicle
   vehicle.Utilities.foreach { case (_, util) => util.Setup }
 
@@ -77,6 +79,7 @@ class VehicleControl(vehicle: Vehicle)
   def InteractiveObject: Vehicle = vehicle
   def CargoObject: Vehicle = vehicle
   def AffectedObject: Vehicle = vehicle
+  def ZoneInteractionObject: Vehicle = vehicle
 
   /** cheap flag for whether the vehicle is decaying */
   var decaying : Boolean = false
@@ -84,8 +87,6 @@ class VehicleControl(vehicle: Vehicle)
   var decayTimer : Cancellable = Default.Cancellable
   /** becoming waterlogged, or drying out? */
   var submergedCondition : Option[OxygenState] = None
-  /** ... */
-  var passengerRadiationCloudTimer: Cancellable = Default.Cancellable
 
   def receive : Receive = Enabled
 
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ class VehicleControl(vehicle: Vehicle)
     damageableVehiclePostStop()
     decaying = false
     decayTimer.cancel()
-    passengerRadiationCloudTimer.cancel()
+    StopInteractionSelfReporting()
     vehicle.Utilities.values.foreach { util =>
       context.stop(util().Actor)
       util().Actor = Default.Actor
@@ -113,6 +114,7 @@ class VehicleControl(vehicle: Vehicle)
     .orElse(environmentBehavior)
     .orElse(cargoBehavior)
     .orElse(takeAutomatedDamage)
+    .orElse(zoneInteractionBehavior)
     .orElse {
       case Vehicle.Ownership(None) =>
         LoseOwnership()
@@ -288,11 +290,6 @@ class VehicleControl(vehicle: Vehicle)
   final def Enabled: Receive =
     commonEnabledBehavior
       .orElse {
-        case VehicleControl.RadiationTick if !passengerRadiationCloudTimer.isCancelled =>
-          vehicle
-            .interaction()
-            .find(_.Type == RadiationInMountableInteraction)
-            .foreach(_.interaction(vehicle.getInteractionSector, vehicle))
         case _ => ()
       }
 
@@ -373,7 +370,7 @@ class VehicleControl(vehicle: Vehicle)
           decaying = false
           decayTimer.cancel()
         }
-        passengerRadiationCloudTimer.cancel()
+        TryStopInteractionSelfReporting()
         updateZoneInteractionProgressUI(user)
 
       case Some(seatNumber) => //literally any other seat
@@ -381,9 +378,7 @@ class VehicleControl(vehicle: Vehicle)
         user.LogActivity(VehicleMountActivity(vsrc, PlayerSource.inSeat(user, vsrc, seatNumber), vehicle.Zone.Number))
         decaying = false
         decayTimer.cancel()
-        if (!vehicle.Seats(0).isOccupied && passengerRadiationCloudTimer.isCancelled) {
-          StartRadiationSelfReporting()
-        }
+        StopInteractionSelfReporting()
         updateZoneInteractionProgressUI(user)
 
       case None => ()
@@ -400,15 +395,14 @@ class VehicleControl(vehicle: Vehicle)
 
   def dismountCleanup(seatBeingDismounted: Int, user: Player): Unit = {
     val obj = MountableObject
-    val allSeatsUnoccupied = !obj.Seats.values.exists(_.isOccupied)
     // Reset velocity to zero when driver dismounts, to allow jacking/repair if vehicle was moving slightly before dismount
     if (!obj.Seats(0).isOccupied) {
       obj.Velocity = Some(Vector3.Zero)
     }
-    if (allSeatsUnoccupied) {
-      passengerRadiationCloudTimer.cancel()
-    } else if (seatBeingDismounted == 0) {
-      StartRadiationSelfReporting()
+    val allSeatsUnoccupied = !vehicle.Seats.values.exists(_.isOccupied)
+    val otherTests = TestToStartSelfReporting()
+    if (allSeatsUnoccupied && otherTests) {
+      StartInteractionSelfReporting()
     }
     if (!obj.Seats(seatBeingDismounted).isOccupied) { //this seat really was vacated
       user.LogActivity(VehicleDismountActivity(VehicleSource(vehicle), PlayerSource(user), vehicle.Zone.Number))
@@ -432,14 +426,18 @@ class VehicleControl(vehicle: Vehicle)
     }
   }
 
-  private def StartRadiationSelfReporting(): Unit = {
-    passengerRadiationCloudTimer.cancel()
-    passengerRadiationCloudTimer = context.system.scheduler.scheduleWithFixedDelay(
-      250.milliseconds,
-      250.milliseconds,
-      self,
-      VehicleControl.RadiationTick
-    )
+  def TestToStartSelfReporting(): Boolean = {
+    vehicle.MountedIn.isEmpty
+  }
+
+  def PerformSelfReportRunCheck(): Unit = {
+    val noOccupancy = !vehicle.Seats.values.exists(_.isOccupied)
+    val otherTests = TestToStartSelfReporting()
+    if (noOccupancy && otherTests) {
+      StartInteractionSelfReporting()
+    } else {
+      StopInteractionSelfReporting()
+    }
   }
 
   def PrepareForDisabled(kickPassengers: Boolean) : Unit = {
@@ -767,9 +765,31 @@ class VehicleControl(vehicle: Vehicle)
   }
 
   override protected def DestructionAwareness(target: Target, cause: DamageResult): Unit = {
-    passengerRadiationCloudTimer.cancel()
+    StopInteractionSelfReportingNoReset()
     super.DestructionAwareness(target, cause)
   }
+
+  override def endCargoMounting(carrierGuid: PlanetSideGUID): Unit = {
+    super.endCargoMounting(carrierGuid)
+    StopInteractionSelfReporting()
+    vehicle.Zone.GUID(carrierGuid) match {
+      case Some(v: Vehicle) => v.Actor ! IndependentZoneInteraction.SelfReportRunCheck
+      case _ => ()
+    }
+  }
+
+  override def endCargoDismounting(carrierGuid: PlanetSideGUID): Unit = {
+    super.endCargoDismounting(carrierGuid)
+    val allSeatsUnoccupied = !vehicle.Seats.values.exists(_.isOccupied)
+    val otherTests = TestToStartSelfReporting()
+    if (allSeatsUnoccupied && otherTests) {
+      StartInteractionSelfReporting()
+    }
+    vehicle.Zone.GUID(carrierGuid) match {
+      case Some(v: Vehicle) => v.Actor ! IndependentZoneInteraction.SelfReportRunCheck
+      case _ => ()
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 object VehicleControl {
@@ -779,7 +799,5 @@ object VehicleControl {
 
   private case class Deletion()
 
-  private case object RadiationTick
-
   final case class AssignOwnership(player: Option[Player])
 }
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/interaction/InteractWithForceDomeProtectionSeatedInVehicle.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/interaction/InteractWithForceDomeProtectionSeatedInVehicle.scala
index 0a988f818..de9671711 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/interaction/InteractWithForceDomeProtectionSeatedInVehicle.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/interaction/InteractWithForceDomeProtectionSeatedInVehicle.scala
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ package net.psforever.objects.vehicles.interaction
 import net.psforever.objects.Vehicle
 import net.psforever.objects.avatar.interaction.{ForceZoneProtection, InteractWithForceDomeProtection}
 import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.dome.ForceDomePhysics
-import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.InteractWithForceDomeProtectionSeatedInEntity
-import net.psforever.objects.zones.InteractsWithZone
+import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.interaction.InteractWithForceDomeProtectionSeatedInEntity
+import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 
 class InteractWithForceDomeProtectionSeatedInVehicle
   extends InteractWithForceDomeProtectionSeatedInEntity {
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInVehicle.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/interaction/InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInVehicle.scala
similarity index 89%
rename from src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInVehicle.scala
rename to src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/interaction/InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInVehicle.scala
index 2a95e783d..51efe167f 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInVehicle.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/vehicles/interaction/InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInVehicle.scala
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2021 PSForever
-package net.psforever.objects.vehicles
+package net.psforever.objects.vehicles.interaction
 
 import net.psforever.objects.Vehicle
-import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.{InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity, RadiationInMountableInteraction}
+import net.psforever.objects.serverobject.mount.interaction.{InteractWithRadiationCloudsSeatedInEntity, RadiationInMountableInteraction}
 import net.psforever.objects.zones.blockmap.SectorPopulation
 import net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction.InteractsWithZone
 
diff --git a/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/zones/interaction/IndependentZoneInteraction.scala b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/zones/interaction/IndependentZoneInteraction.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec84d39cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/scala/net/psforever/objects/zones/interaction/IndependentZoneInteraction.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 PSForever
+package net.psforever.objects.zones.interaction
+
+import akka.actor.{Actor, Cancellable}
+import net.psforever.objects.Default
+
+import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global
+import scala.concurrent.duration._
+
+trait IndependentZoneInteraction {
+  _: Actor =>
+  /** ... */
+  private var zoneInteractionIntervalDefault: FiniteDuration = 250.milliseconds
+  /** ... */
+  private var zoneInteractionTimer: Cancellable = Default.Cancellable
+
+  def ZoneInteractionObject: InteractsWithZone
+
+  val zoneInteractionBehavior: Receive = {
+    case IndependentZoneInteraction.InteractionTick =>
+      PerformZoneInteractionSelfReporting()
+
+    case IndependentZoneInteraction.SelfReportRunCheck =>
+      PerformSelfReportRunCheck()
+  }
+
+  def ZoneInteractionInterval: FiniteDuration = zoneInteractionIntervalDefault
+
+  def ZoneInteractionInterval_=(interval: FiniteDuration): FiniteDuration = {
+    zoneInteractionIntervalDefault = interval
+    ZoneInteractionInterval
+  }
+
+  def TestToStartSelfReporting(): Boolean
+
+  def PerformZoneInteractionSelfReporting(): Unit = {
+    if (!zoneInteractionTimer.isCancelled) {
+      ZoneInteractionObject.zoneInteractions()
+    }
+  }
+
+  def PerformSelfReportRunCheck(): Unit
+
+  final def StartInteractionSelfReporting(): Unit = {
+    org.log4s.getLogger("ZIT").info("starting timer")
+    zoneInteractionTimer.cancel()
+    zoneInteractionTimer = context.system.scheduler.scheduleWithFixedDelay(
+      0.seconds,
+      zoneInteractionIntervalDefault,
+      self,
+      IndependentZoneInteraction.InteractionTick
+    )
+  }
+
+  final def StartInteractionSelfReporting(initialDelay: FiniteDuration): Unit = {
+    org.log4s.getLogger("ZIT").info("starting timer")
+    zoneInteractionTimer.cancel()
+    zoneInteractionTimer = context.system.scheduler.scheduleWithFixedDelay(
+      initialDelay,
+      zoneInteractionIntervalDefault,
+      self,
+      IndependentZoneInteraction.InteractionTick
+    )
+  }
+
+  final def TryStopInteractionSelfReporting(): Boolean = {
+    if (!zoneInteractionTimer.isCancelled) {
+      ZoneInteractionObject.resetInteractions()
+      zoneInteractionTimer.cancel()
+    } else {
+      false
+    }
+  }
+
+  final def StopInteractionSelfReporting(): Boolean = {
+    ZoneInteractionObject.resetInteractions()
+    zoneInteractionTimer.cancel()
+  }
+
+  final def StopInteractionSelfReportingNoReset(): Boolean = {
+    zoneInteractionTimer.cancel()
+  }
+
+  final def ZoneInteractionSelfReportingIsRunning: Boolean = !zoneInteractionTimer.isCancelled
+}
+
+object IndependentZoneInteraction {
+  private case object InteractionTick
+
+  final case object SelfReportRunCheck
+}